Early America Flashcards
Precedents
George Washington set many standards as president that other presidents followed. Examples: a cabinet of advisers, not being treated like royalty, being called Mr. President, serving for only two four-year terms
Federalists
Political party based on the ideas of Alexander Hamilton. Wanted a strong Federal government and a focus on manufacturing. Had positive views toward the wealthy and England.
Republicans
Political party based on the ideas of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Wanted strong state governments and a focus on small farmers. Had less positive views toward the wealthy and England.
Whiskey Rebellion
When small farmers in western Pennsylvania revolted against the government’s Whiskey Tax, a Federalist plan which was meant to raise money for the Federal government. Washington led the army against the rebellion.
Washington’s Letter to the Jews of Newport, Rhode Island
A letter from George Washington where he promised the Jews of Newport that they were welcome in America and that the government would give “to bigotry no sanction…to persecution no assistance.”
Slavery and the early presidents
Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe all owned slaves (they were all from Virginia). Only Washington released his slaves in his will.
Election of 1796
First truly contested election in US history. Federalist John Adams defeated Republican Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson became vice president (runner up became VP until after the election of 1800).
Alien and Sedition Acts
Passed by John Adams. These Acts made it easier to remove foreigners from the US and harder for foreigners to vote. Acts also made it illegal to publicly criticize the US government (this is against the First Amendment to the Constitution).
Election of 1800
First election where power changed from one party to another. The Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated the Federalist John Adams and the Republican Aaron Burr in a controversial election.
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte for about four cents an acre. This doubled the size of the US. Debatable whether this purchase was allowed by the Constitution.
Corps of Discovery
Expedition to explore the west organized by President Jefferson. Led by Merriweather Lewis, William Clark, and the Native American guide Sacajawea.
John Marshall
Supreme Court Chief Justice whose decision in the case Marbury v. Madison gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Judicial Review
The name for the Supreme Court’s ability to declare laws unconstitutional.
War of 1812
War between the US and Great Britain during James Madison’s presidency. The war was a draw. During the war the White House was burned down and Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner about the British bombing of Fort McHenry in Baltimore. New England Federalists considered seceding during the war. America emerged from the war a more united country.
Monroe Doctrine
Policy from President James Monroe and his secretary of State John Quincy Adams that said Europe should not interfere in the affairs of North and South America.
Samuel Slater
British factory worker who illegally brought the British factory system to the US.
Urbanization
Increased popularity of cities during the era of industrialization.
Company Towns
Company-owned towns like Lowell, Massachusetts centered around a factory, where workers would live, work, shop, and go to school.
Steam Engine
Major invention that impacted industrialization
American System
An expanding system of roads, canals, and other means of transportation that some in the US government favored in the 1800’s. It was meant to help the growth of American businesses and American westward expansion.
Turnpikes
Private roads created by private companies. People had to pay to use these roads.
Canals
Artificial rivers that helped connect America. The Erie Canal better connected New York City with upstate New York and the Midwest.
Steamboats
Boats powered by steam popularized by Robert Fulton and his steamboat, the Clermont.
Railroads
Started in the early 1800’s. The first commercially successful railroad was the Baltimore & Ohio.
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin, which made cotton much more economical to produce, greatly expanding southern slavery. He also popularized interchangeable parts, which contributed to the growth of northern manufacturing.
What are two events or developments in early America that you think pleased the Federalists? What are two events or developments that you think pleased the Republicans? 4 sentences
Hamilton, when Jefferson resigned. Jefferson, Adams didnt go to war with british which federalist really wanted,
What was the industrial revolution and what were three examples of industrialization in America between 1790 and 1830? Your answer should be four sentences.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The steam engine was created and used as a key part of transportation. the modern factory helped america economically. Dynamite was created and used to break rocks. prior to using dynamite they used gunpowder which then they called black powder. dynamite is way more effective and also used in the army today.
- ) What are three ways the War of 1812 impacted America. Also include a sentence describing the following about the war:
- What countries fought in the war?
- What was the result of the war?
- Which US president declared war?
Federalists consider conceding from America since their political party is somewhat failing, The United States suffered many costly defeats-including DC being burned down, Francis scott key writes Star Spangled Banner about Americans holding on to the Fort McHenry in Baltimore.
