Early Flashcards by Michael Dent

diwetha

last

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argraffydd
argraffyddion

printer
printers

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does gan X ddim

X doesn’t have

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does gandynn nhw ddim

they don’t have

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mae gynni hi

she has

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mae gynnon ni

we have

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ffatri
ffatrioedd

factory
factories

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roedd gynnyn nhw

they used to have

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mae gynnyn nhw

they have

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cae
caeau

Mutates to gae

field
fields

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roedd gan X

X used to have

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mae ganddyn nhw

they have

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gardd

Mutates to ardd

garden

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oes gen ti

do you have

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oes gynni hi

does she have

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nac oes

no (answering oes?)

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oes gynnoch chi

do you have

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ceffyl
ceffylau

horse
horses

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dafad
defaid

mutates to ddefaid

a sheep
sheep

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carafán
carafánau

Mutates to garafán

caravan
caravans

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does gen i ddim

I don’t have

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does gynni hi

she doesn’t have

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cloch
clychau

CLAWKH
Mutates to chloch

bell
bells

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brechdan
brechdanau

sandwich
sandwiches

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jiráff

JIRARF

giraffe

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we / us

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oes

OYSS

is there
are there

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oes X gyda ti?

do you have X ?

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nac oes
oes

No (I don’t have)
Yes (there is / he does have)

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ar hyn o bryd

BREED

at the moment

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geiriadur

GAYRIĀDEER

dictionary

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telyn (F)

telyn dda (a good x - dda because F)

harp

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steil

STAYL

style

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does dim X gyda

don’t have

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ysbyty
ysbytai

UZBŪTTY

hospital
hospitals

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bythynnod

cottages

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aethon nhw â

did they take

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trydan

TRDN
mutates to drydan

electricity

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rhif
rhifau

number
numbers

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bws

BUOHSS

bus

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cyrraedd

to arrive at
arriving

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wedi cyrraedd

have arrived
have reached

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ugain

EEGAYN
Mutates to hugain

twenty

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hanner nos

midnight

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hanner dydd

midday

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bum munud ar hugain

25 minutes

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gwely

bed

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yr amser

the time

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deuddeg
ddeuddeg

DAYTHEG
THAYTHEG

twelve

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un ar ddeg

eleven

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tan

until

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lwcus

lucky

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pres
arian

PRERSS

money

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cath
cathod

cat
cats

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car
ceir

KAYRH

car
cars

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I / me

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he / him

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mae arian gyda fi

I have money

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nhw

them

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tacluso

TĀCLISSO

to tidy up

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ma’s

out

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mynd ma’s

to go out

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bwydo

to feed

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ysgubo

to sweep

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allan

out / exit

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glanhau

to clean

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ddesg

desk

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rŵan

now

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dorri

to cut

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torri

to break

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yr hwylio

the sailing

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chwarter

quarter

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o’r gloch

o’clock

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hanner

half

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awr

hour

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wedi

past

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hanner awr wedi

half past

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faint o’r gloch ydy hi ?

what time is it ?

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mewn munud

in a minute

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os gweli di’n dda

please

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os gwelwch chi’n dda

please

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baned o goffi

Compare “paned” = “cup of tea”

a cup of coffee

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pren mesur

MESSIR

ruler

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pensil

PĒNSIL

pencil

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cwestiwn

KWESTYON

question

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ga i gerdded ?

may I walk ?

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talu

TALLYH

to pay

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fenthyg

VENTHIG
Mutates to benthyg

to borrow / lend

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ofyn

OVINN

to ask

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naddwr

NATHOOER

sharpener

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ga i dalu am … ?

talu mutates to dalu

may I pay for .., ?

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ga i ofyn am … ?

may I ask about … ?

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bechgyn

boys

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eto

EHTO

yet
again

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wedi

to have
(past tense instead of yn)

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ymolchi

to wash (myself)

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wedi ymolchi

have washed
got washed

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wedi cael

have had

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yn gynnar

GUNNAR

early

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uwchben

YUHKEBEN

above

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siop
siopau

shop
shops

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nant
nentydd

stream
streams

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yr ogof
ogofâu

the cave
caves

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ffynnon
ffynhonnau

FUHNONN

well
wells

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tŷ
tai

house
houses

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llefrith

some/any milk

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shwmae
s’mae

Hi / hello

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dref

Dialect

town

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licio

Dialect

to like

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losin

LOSSIN

sweets
a sweet

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ga i oren ?

may I have an orange ?

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cei

KAY

yes (you may/can)

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plîs

please

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omled

omelette

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ga i fynd ?

may I go ?

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pysgod

PESGOD
mutates to bysgod

fish

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paned

mutates to baned

cup of tea

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diod

Mutates to. ddiod

drink

Noun

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wen

white

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deilen

a leaf

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llyfrgell

library

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ger

near (the?)

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Efrog

York

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archfarchnad
archfarchnadoedd

supermarket
supermarkets

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Caerfyrddin

Mutates to. Gaerfyrddin

Carmarthen

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y Fenni

Abergavenny

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nghanol

middle

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yng nghanol y dre

in the middle of the town

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castell
cestyll

Mutates to chastell

castle
castles

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mynd i siopa

to go shopping

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siopa

to shop

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canol

centre

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hefyd

too / also / as well

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ynys

UHNISS

island

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on / at / to

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arth

bear

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eliffant

elephant

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llygoden

mouse
mice

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cwningen
cwningod

rabbit
rabbits

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llew

HLAW

lion

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cranc
crancod

crab
crabs

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crwban

tortoise

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pryf
pryfed

PREEVE

insect
insects

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buwch

BEEYEWK

cow

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a
ac

ac is pronounced ag

and
and (before a vowel)

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hwyaden

WHEEADDEN

duck

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anifail

ANNIEVILE

animal

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morfil

whale

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mwnci

MOOWUNKY

monkey

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teigr

TAIYGUR

tiger

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mochyn

mutates to fochyn [VOGGINN]

pig

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carw

deer

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copyn

COPPINN

spider

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gŵydd

GŌŌWITH

goose

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neidr

NAYDURR

snake

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siarc

SHARKH

shark

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iâr

hen / chicken

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dolffin

DŌLFINN

dolphin

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pili-pala

PILLY

butterfly

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pa liw ?

what colour ?

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gafr

GAVURR

goat(s)

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tylluan
tylluanod

Mutates to dylluan
TUCHLEEANN-OD

owl

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lwynog

Mutates to. llwynog

fox

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dyfrgi
dyfrgwn

- / DUVRUHGOON

otter
otters

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brân
brain

- / BRYNE
- Mutates to frân [VRARN]

crow
crows

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draenog
draenogod

hedgehog
hedgehogs

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barcudiaid

BARKIDDIEYED

kites (bird)

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bresych

cabbage

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blaidd

wolf

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gwenynen
gwenyn

bee
bees

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ci
cŵn

dog
dogs

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cylchgrawn

magazine

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treiffl

TRAYFUL

trifle

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arall

another

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blodbresych

cauliflower

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wedyn

afterwards

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wal

wall

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llawr

floor

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nenfwd

ceiling

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dre

town

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mewn tre

in a town

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clywed

to hear
hearing

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llong

ship

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rywbeth

Mutates to rhywbeth

something

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peintio

to paint
painting

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adael

Mutates to. gadael

to leave

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rywbeth arall

Something else

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o’ch chi’n

were you …?
did you …?

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dlawd

poor

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coginio

to cook

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doedd hi ddim

she was not

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malwod

snails

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tynnu llun o

to take a picture of

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pan

Not a question

When

BUT followed by Q form of verb

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preifat

PREEVAT
Mutates to. breifat

private

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garddwr

Mutates to arddwr

gardener

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y gorffennol

the past

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lle ?

where ?

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lle aeth X

where did X go

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dw i eisiau diod

DEEEOD

I am thirsty

I want a drink

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dw i eisiau bwyd

I am hungry

I want food

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adre

home

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lemonêd

lemonade

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aur

EYE-UR

gold

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dyn

DEEN

man

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gwin

GWEEN

wine

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glaw

rain

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wythnos

week

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roedd

was

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roedd hi’n

she/it was

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diflas

mutates to ddiflas

miserable
dull
boring

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y bore ‘ma

this morning

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trwm

Mutates to. drwm

heavy

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deilen
dail

a leaf
leaves

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y gaeaf

winter

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y gwanwyn

Spring

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yr haf

summer

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for

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am yr haf

for the summer

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tymor

Mutates to. dymor

term
season

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am dymor yr hydref

for the autumn term

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cwympo

CWIM

to fall

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o’n i’n iawn ?

was I right ?

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ro’n

I was
I used to

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ro’n i’n byw

I was living
I lived

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o’n

yes (I did/was)

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ro’n i’n arfer

I used to
I was usually

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nesa

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drws nesa

next door

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hir

long

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roedd X yn arfer

X used to
X was —ing

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bwrw eira

BUHROO

snowing

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ydy hi’n bwrw eira ?

Note weather is F - hi

is it snowing ?

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oer

OYR

cold

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heulog

HAYLOG

sunny

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braf

fine

mae hi’n braf

it’s fine

bwrw glaw

GLAU

raining

cymylog

Mutates to. gymylog
CUMUHLOG

cloudy

sych

SEEUKH

dry

gwyntog

GWINDOG

windy

mae hi’n wyntog

it’s windy

niwlog

foggy

stormus

STOREMIZ

stormy

bwrw cesair

KESSEYE-UR

to hail
hailing

tywydd

TOOITH

weather

rhy

HREE

too

dwym

DOOIM

warm

wlyb

W-LEEB

wet

well

better

bydd hi’n

it will be …

sut bydd y twydd

how will the weather be

ond

but

waeth

worse

codi

to get. up

ffonio

to phone

ddarllen

to read

‘na

that (after a noun)

cystadlu

Mutates to. gystadlu

to compete

ras
rasys

race
races

ysgrifennu

to write

nofel

a novel

teclyn
teclynnau

Mutates to declyn

gadget
gadgets

desg

desk

aderyn
adar

bird
nirds

oed

old

dw i’n saith oed

I am seven years old

symiau

SUMMEE-EYE

sums

yn yr ysgol

at school

adio

to add

tynnu

TUNNEE

(to) take away
to pull

rhannu

RHANNY

divided by
sharing
to divide

lluosi

HLLEEOSSY

times (ie multiplied)

mae … yn hafal i

equals
is equal to

echdoe

the day before last
the day before yesterday

pryd o fwyd

PREED O VOID
Mutates to. bryd

a meal

blasus

delicious
tasty

neithiwr

yesterday evening
last night

gwneud

GOONAID

make

bwrdd

Mutates to. frwdd. VWRTH

table

echnos

the evening/night before last

lolfa

lounge

llanast

a mess

gwych

excellent
great

cadair
cadeiriau

Mutates to. gadair or chadair and. gadeiriau

chair
chairs

ddim byd

nothing

lawer

Mutates to llawer

much
a lot

dodrefn

Mutates to. ddodrefn

furniture

dros

over

penwythnos

weekend

lampau

lamps

nos Wener

on Friday evening/night

ddydd Llun diwetha

last Monday

banc

bank

pam ?

why ?

ddoe

THOY

yesterday

i weld

to see

bwthyn

BOOTHIN

cottage

gyda

with

yno

there

siop lyfrau

bookshop

ffrind

friend

eglwys

EGGLOYCE

church

clwb

club

nos Lun

(Note single L …)

on Monday evening

â’r
a’r

to the
and the

eglwys fach

Mutated from bach as eglwys is F

small church

Eryri

Snowdonia

yes (she did)

gynhadledd

conference

naddo

no (they didn’t)

chwarel

quarry

caffi

cafe

tafarn
tafarnau

y dafarn (tafarn is M or F?! so can mutate)

pub
pubs

the pub

aros

to wait
to stay

mynd i aros

going to wait

sinema

cinema

chwaraeon

sports / games

sboncen

squash (the game)

pwll

pool

pwll nofio

swimming pool

yr gwaith

(the) work

rygbi

rugby

felly

so
therefore

nos Wener

Friday evening

capel

chapel

traeth

beach

heno

tonight
this evening

yfory

tomorrow

ymweld â
ymweld ag

to visit

gwylio

Mutates to. wylio

to watch

Gwlad Groeg

GROYG

Greece

Yr Almaen

Germany

yr Eidal

Italy

mynd i’r Eidal

going to Italy

yr Aifft

Egypt

Ffindir

Finland

gweithio yn y Ffindir

working in Finland

ar bwys

near

mynd i hwylio

going to sail

Ffrainc

France

Llydaw

Brittany

Lloegr

HLOYGER

England

Iwerddon

Ireland

yr Alban

Scotland

Sbaen

Spain

Norwy

Norway

from

dod

to come

Tsieina

SCHEENA

China

yr Ariannin

Argentina

Ewrop

OUR-ROPP

Europe

yr Antarctig

Antarctia

Awstralia

Australia

yr Iseldiroedd

the Netherlands

Arctig

Arctic

Affrica

Africa

Aberteifi

ABERTAYVY

Cardigan

Abertawe

Swansea

actores

actress

ysgrifennydd
ysgrifenyddes

USGRIVENITH

secretary (m)
secretary (f)

di-waith

unemployed

ar ffern

on a farm

pa liw yw’r trên?
pa liw yw e?

what colour is the train ?
what colour is it?

esgidiau

shoes

esgidiau rhedeg

running shoes

tei

(neck) tie

het

hat

hosan
sanau

sock
socks

hosanau

stockings

gwerthu

to sell

gwregys

belt

t-crys

t-shirt

sgarff

scarf

maneg
menig

glove
gloves

golchi

to wash (things)

blows

BLOAHZ

blouse

gwisgo

to wear

drws y car

car door

siopwr

shopkeeper

sgert

skirt

mecanic

mechanic

siwt (F)

a suit

bore dydd Gwener

on Friday morning

athrawes (F)

teacher (F)

siwmper

jumper

côt law

côt is F, hence glaw mutates to law

raincoat

gwenu

to smile

gwyrdd

GOOOERTH

green

gwisg

a uniform

lliw

a colour

swyddfa

office

fel

mewn

mewn car = in a car
yn y car = in the car

in (a)

buwch (F)
buchod

cow
cows

dych chi’n hoffi ?

do you like ?

dw i’n hoffi

I like

dw i ddim yn bwyta

I do not eat

dw i’n mwynhau yfed coffi

I enjoy drinking coffee

mae Megan yn hoffi fe

Megan likes him

dydd Llun

Monday

dydd Mawrth

Tuesday

dydd Mercher

Wednesday

dydd Iau

DEETH EE-EYE

Thursday

dydd Gwener

Friday

dydd Sadwrn

Saturday

dydd Sul

Sunday

heddiw

today

ddydd [day]

ON ____day

nos Fawrth

nos is F, so Mawrth mutates to Fawrth [VAWRTH]

on Tuesday night

nos Iau

Thursday night

bore Sadwrn

Saturday morning

mynd i nofio

going swimming

caru

to love

dim o gwbl

not at all

sgipio

to skip
skipping

cyfrif

KUVREEV

to count
counting

wyt ti’n

do you
are you

gweithio

to work
working

hwylio

HOYLIO

to sail
sailing

gwrando

gwrando ar

to listen
listening

to listen to

mae e’n

he is
it is

ydy e’n ?

is he?

him
it

mae hi’n

she is

dyw hi ddim

she is not

dwlu ar

dotes on
really likes

drws (M)
drysau

door
doors

dyn n’in

DEEN

we are

pinafal

pineapple

cwrw

beer

dŵr

water

pysen
pys

a pea
peas

madarchen (F)
madarch

mushroom
mushrooms

selsigen
selsig

a sausage
sausages

bara

bread

cennin

leaks

pannas

parsnips

llaeth

milk

bwyta

to eat

yfed

to drink

prynu

to buy

As in prynu i Megan = buy for Megan

for

tegan (M)
teganau

toy
toys

teledu

television

mwynhau

to enjoy

cerdded

to walk
walking

cig
cigoedd

CEAYG / HKIGOYTH

meat
meats

mafonen (F)
mafon

a raspberry
raspberries

ydyn nhw’n ?

are they?
do they?

sglefrio

to skate
skating

maen nhw’n

they are

agor

to open

ar agor

open
(on a sign)

cau

KEYE

to close

ar gau
wedi cau

closed (on a sign)

rwyt ti’n

you are

cerddoriaeth

music

smygu

SMUGGEE

dim smygu

to smoke

no smoking

chwerthin

to laugh
laughing

iâ

ice

sglefrio iâ

ice skating

castell

castle

Castell Nedd

Neath

Manceinion

Manchester

gweddol

not bad
so-so

lliwio

to colour
colouring

mynd am dro

to go for a walk

llun

a picture

yma

here

dysgu

to learn
learning
(also to teach!)

Cymraeg

Welsh

menyn

MENINN

butter

hefyd

too
as well

swper

supper

ble ?

where ?

byw

to live

gyrru

to drive
driving

cinio

CHINNIO

dinner

ioga

yoga

chwaith

either

in
at

iawn

very
OK
fine

sut

how

menyw
menywod
(dynes DIALECT)

woman
women

pwy

who

caws

COWSSE

cheese

smwddio

to iron
ironing

ond

but

lemon

brecwast

breakfast

mefusen (F)
mefus

MEVISS

a strawberry
strawberries

oren (F)
orenau

orange
oranges

llysieuyn (M)
llysiau

HLISSAYIN

a vegetable
vegetables

reis

RRAISE

rice

afal
afalau

an apple
apples

eisiau

to want

dw i eisiau
dw i ddim eisiau

NOTE: no following yn

I want
I don’t want

ydw

yes (I do)

cath (F)
cathod

cat
cats

bacwn

BAKOON

bacon

tost

TAWST

toast

nac ydw

No (I don’t)

taten (F)
tatws

a potato
potatoes

siocled

chocolate

grefi

gravy

ydy Megan eisiau … ?

does Megan want … ?

cawl

soup

sudd

juice

cysgu

to sleep

moronen (F)
moron

a carrot
carrots

neu

NAYH

mêl

MERL

honey

neu’r

or the

cwpwrdd

COOPOURRTH

cupboard

cyri

KIRRY

curry

beic

BAYK

bike

pêl (F)
peli

PERL
Mutates to bêl

a ball
balls

ffôn

FAWN

phone

gweld

GOOELD

to see

blasu

BLAHSEE

to taste

dyn ni eisiau

we want

mynd i’r gwely

to go to bed

cegin (F)
y gegin

Feminine singular mutates after y

kitchen

ar y bwrdd

on the table

cyfieithu

to translate

cyfieithwch

translate! (imperative)

cariad

love (noun)

ffordd (F)

road

wrth

wrth y drws

by the door

siwgr

sugar

tebot

teapot

bag

case

parod

Mutates to barod after yn

ready

wyt ti’in barod?

are you ready?

basged (F)
y fasged

Mutates to fasged after y/yn

a basket
the basket

y tu allan

UH TEE ACTHLAN

outside

brysiwch

hurry! (imperative)

mewn pryd

PREED

in time

dewch i mewn

come in!

edrychwch

look! (imperative)

edrych (ar)

to look (at)

pacio

to pack
packing

coll
ar goll

missing

dan

under

papur

paper (eg newspaper)

siwr o fod

sure to be

arhoswch funud

Munud mutates

wait a minute!

dyma’r …

here’s the …

wrth gwrs

cwrs mutates

of course

diolch byth

BEETHE

thank goodness

Blywddyn Newydd (dda)

(Happy) New Year

drôr

drawer

llyfr

book

munud

minute

peth

thing

cadair (F)
y gadair

a chair
the chair

desg (F)
y ddesg

a desk
the desk

noswaith (F)

So noswaith dda (da mutated)

evening

bod

to be

pob

Mutates to. bob

every

bob nos

every night

odd

wn i ddim (wir)

I (really) don’t know

y stafell ymolchi

the bathroom

dyma chi

here you are

o’r diwedd

at last

tywel

towel

lliain ymolchi

flannel
face-cloth

basn

basin

gyda llaw

by the way

sebon

soap

ffenestr (F)
ffenestri

a window
windows

fel arfer

as usual

poeth
…yn boeth

Poeth mutates to. boeth

hot

tân

fire

gwres

heat

ymlaen

on (eg switched on)

dyma le!

LLE = place; mutation drops an L

what a place!

brwsh dannedd

toothbrush

dant
dannedd

tooth
teeth

past dannedd

toothpaste

drych

DREEKH

mirror

crib (F)
y grib

a comb
the comb

lloft

upstairs

chwilio am

to look/search for

oes … ?

is there … ?

Answer oes = yes there is

does dim …

there is no(t) …

rydw i

I am

Early Flashcards

Basics