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Year 3 GP > Ear Infections > Flashcards

Ear Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Which parts of the ear are affected in otitis externa?

A

Any of:

  • pinna
  • external auditory meatus
  • external part of tympanic membrane
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2
Q

How does otitis externa usually present?

A 
Pain 
Itching 
Hearing loss
Fever
Discharge 
On otoscopy - erythema, oedema and exudate in external ear
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3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of otitis externa?

A

Usually bacterial infection

Can also by caused by skin inflammation - e.g. due to irritants

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4
Q

What are the different types of otitis externa?

A

Acute
Chronic
Malignant

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5
Q

What is acute otitis externa?

A

Acute-onset otitis externa
Aka swimmer’s ear
Usually caused by bacterial infection

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6
Q

What is chronic otitis externa?

A

Otitis externa lasting several months

Usually caused by a fungal infection - in diabetic/immune compromised patients

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7
Q

What is malignant otitis externa?

A

Otitis externa which is chronic

Causing the infection to spread to the mastoid - mastoid is chronically infected

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8
Q

What are the complications of malignant otitis externa?

A

Sigmoid sinus thrombosis
Meningitis
Brain abscess

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9
Q

Outline the management of otitis externa

A

Acute:
Topical spray - acetic acid spray, neomycin spray (antibiotic and antifungal)
Analgesic - paracetamol or ibuprofen
Ear swab if recurs or treatment failure

Malignant:

  • oral and topical antibiotics -
  • anti-fungal medications (clotrimazole) if antibiotics are not helping and suspect fungal infection
  • analgesics
  • ENT referral
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10
Q

What are the risk factors for getting otitis externa?

A 
Hot and humid climate
Swimming
Older age
Immunocompromised
Diabetes mellitus 
Over-cleaning - too little wax
Allergic dermatitis
Trauma to ear
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11
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Infection of the middle ear

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12
Q

What is otitis media with effusion?

A

Build up of pressure and fluid in the middle ear

Not an infection

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13
Q

How does a child with otitis media usually present?

A 
Pulling at the ear 
Increased crying
Poor sleep 
Decreased eating 
Fever 
Hearing loss
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14
Q

How does a patient with otitis media present? Inc clinical findings

A

Hearing loss
Otalgia
Fever
Otoscope - Bulging tympanic membrane with a purulent effusion

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15
Q

What is the management of otitis media?

A
  • analgesics - paracetamol and ibuprofen

-

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16
Q

What are the possible complications of otitis media?

A
  • tympanic membrane perforation
  • facial nerve involvement
  • mastoiditis
  • sigmoid sinus thrombosis
  • brain abscess
  • meningitis

Year 3 GP (1 decks)

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