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Special Senses > Ear Anatomy > Flashcards

Ear Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 main regions/divisions of the ear

A
  1. External ear
  2. Middle ear
  3. Internal ear
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2
Q

What does the lobule of the auricle contain?

A

Fibrous tissue
Fat
Blood vessels

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3
Q

The auricle is connected to the 1. ____________ by the 2. ______________

A
  1. Temporal bone

2. Extrinsic muscles and ligaments

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4
Q

What extrinsic muscles and ligaments connects the auricle to the temporal bone?

A

Extrinsic muscles - orbicularis ant/post/sup

Extrinsic ligaments - ant and post extrinsic ligaments

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5
Q

What is the length of the external auditory canal?

A

2.5 cm long from the concha

4 cm long from the Travis

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6
Q

This structure is semi-transparent and serves as a partition between EAC and the middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Rim of the auricle

A

Helix

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8
Q

Innervation of auricle

A

Mnemonic - A FLAG

Auriculotemporal nerve
Facial nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Auricular branch of vagus nerve
Greater auricular nerve
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9
Q

Which part of the auricle is innervated by the great auricular nerve?

A

Posterior upper lateral 2/3 of the surface of the auricle (helix, antihelix, and lobule)

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10
Q

The lesser occipital nerve innervates what structures of the auricle?

A

Upper part of the cranial surface of the auricle

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11
Q

Innervation of the concha and posterior part of the eminitia

A

Auricular branch of the vagus nerve

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12
Q

This nerve gives off a branch that supplies the tragus, helical crus, and the adjacent part of the helix

A

V3 - branch: auriculotemporal nerve

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13
Q

What structures of the auricle is innervated by the facial nerve?

A

Depression and eminence of concha

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14
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the auricle

A
  1. Nodes at the mastoid tip (post aspect)
  2. Pre-auricular nodes (tragus and upper part of auricle)
  3. Superficial cervical lymph nodes (remainder of the auricle) - drains to the upper deep cervical lymph nodes
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15
Q

What are the supporting structures of the external auditory meatus?

A 
Cartilage (lateral 1/3)
Temporal bone (medial 2/3)
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16
Q

What are the protective mechanisms found within the EAC?

A

Hair and cerumen - prevents dust and foreign objects from entering the ear

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17
Q

Arterial supply of the EAM

A
  1. Outer portion - post auricular artery and superficial temporal artery
  2. Inner portion - deep auricular branch of the maxillary artery
18
Q

Venous drainage of EAM

A

Associated veins. Drains into EJV, maxillary vein, and the pterygoid plexus

19
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the EAM

A

Those associated with the auricle

Mnemonic - NPS

Nodes at the mastoid tip
Preauricular nodes
Superficial cervical lymph nodes

20
Q

EAM Innervation

A

Anterior wall and roof - auriculotemporal nerve (V3) (major innervation)

Posterior wall and floor - auricular branch of the vagus nerve (minor innervation)

21
Q

Tympanic membrane (TM) innervation

A

Mnemonic - 2AT

Auriculotemporal nerve - pain
Auricular branch of the vagus nerve
Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

22
Q

TM arterial supply

A

Stylomastoid branch of post auricular and deep auricular artery

Ant tympanic branches of the maxillary artery

23
Q

TM venous drainage

A

Superficial surface - EJV

Deep surface - transverse sinus and dural veins

24
Q

TM lymphatic drainage

A

Parotid or upper deep cervical lymph nodes

25
Q

Where is the middle ear located?

A

Petronius portion of the temporal bone

26
Q

Partitions of the middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane

Bony partition (oval and round window)

27
Q

Middle ear function

A

Main function is to transmit vibrations from the TM to the inner ear via the auditory ossicles

28
Q

Divisions of the middle ear

A

Tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess

29
Q

The malleus and incus partially extend upwards to this space

A

Epitympanic recess

30
Q

Space superior to the tympanic cavity which lies next to the mastoid air cells

A

Epitympanic recess

31
Q

Borders of the middle ear

A

Roof - formed from the thin bone from the petrous part of the temporal bone (separates middle ear and middle cranial fossa)

Floor - a.k.a jugular wall, consists of a thin layer of bone. Separates middle ear from the IJV

Lateral wall - tympanic membrane and lateral wall of the epitympanic recess

Medial wall - lateral wall of inner ear (contains a prominent bulge produced by the facial nerve as it travels nearby

Ant wall - a thin bony plate with 2 openings for the auditory tube and the tensor tympani muscle (separates middle ear from the ICA)

Post wall - bony partition between tympanic cavity and the mastoid cells (superiority there is a hole that communicates the 2 areas known as the aditus to the mastoid antrum)

32
Q

Bones of the middle ear

A

Mnemonic - MIS

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

33
Q

Collection of air-filled spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone located behind the epitympanic recess

A

Mastoid air cells

34
Q

Cavity within mastoid air cells are contained

A

Mastoid antrum

35
Q

Structure that communicates ME and mastoid antrum

A

Aditus to mastoid antrum

36
Q

Role/function of mastoid air cells

A

Acts as a buffer system of air - releases air into the ME when pressure is too low

37
Q

Describe the acoustic reflex

A

It is the contraction of ME muscles in response to loud noises which inhibits the transmission of vibrations by auditory ossicles and therefore decreases the transmission of sound to the inner ear

38
Q

Name the 2 muscles of the ME

A

Tensor tympani

Stapedius

39
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation and action of tensor tympani muscle

A

Origin - auditory tube
Insertion -handle of malleus
Innervation - tensor tympani branch of V3
Action - contraction pulls the handle of malleus medially

40
Q

Origin, insertion, innervation, and action of stapedius muscle

A

Origin - walls of pyramidal eminence
Insertion - stapes
Innervation - facial nerve
Action - controls the amplitude of waves to the inner ear

Special Senses (2 decks)

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