Ear Flashcards
3 divisions of the ear
outer
middle
inner
What 3 components make up the outer ear?
Pinna
External auditory meatus
lateral tympanic membrane
What structures are in the middle ear?
Ossicles - malleus, incus , stapes
Facial nerve
eustacian tube
What part of the ear does the eustacian tube link up with?
Middle ear
What is the part of the middle ear located being the pars flaccida known as?
Attic
What is the inner ear comprised of?
Cochlea Semicircular canals (vestibule and labyrinth)
What does the cochela do?
creates electrical impulses to the cochlea nerve
What do the vestibule and labyrinth do?
balance
The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear with what?
nasopharynx
What is the mastiod process and how does this relate to middle ear infection?
Bony lump behind pinna
mastiod air cell system opens directly to middle ear so infection can spread causing mastioditis
What is conductive hearing loss and what part(s) of the ear does it involve?
Interruption to the hearing system in the external or middle ear
What is sensorineural hearing loss and what structures are involved?
hearing process is interrupted at the cochlea or auditory nerve
What test can help distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss?
tuning fork test
What type of hearing test is this?:
Place someone in a sound proof room. Present with series of sounds and measure bone and air conduction in each ear.
Pure tone audiometry
What type of hearing test is this?:
Presenting stimulus to ear and measuring the resultant changes of electrical activity in the nervous system
evoked/electrical response audiometry
What type of hearing test is subjective and requires cooperation?
Pure tone audiometry
Which type of hearing test is subjective and can therefore be used to assess hearing in children?
Electrical response audiometry
What are otoacoustic emissions and what are they used to assess?
Electrical signal generated by the inner ear in response to sound.
Used to assess hearing in babies
What is tympanometry?
Blowing a small current of air into ear to measure distensibility of ear drum and middle ear.
4 gestational infections that can lead to congenital sensorineural hearing loss?
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
cytomegalovirus
herpes
What is the acquired sensorineural hearing loss associated with aging known as?
Presbyacusis
What are 3 infective causes of acquired sensorineural hearing loss?
Meningitis
Mumps
Measles
4 causes of acquired conductive hearing loss?
Wax
Glue Ear
Otitis externa
Chronic suppurative otitis media
Why is it important to treat blunt trauma to the ear quickly?
If there is bleeding between the skin and the cartilage
the cartilage can necrose due to insufficient blood supply and then your left with a cauliflower ear
What is haematoma auris?
Bleeding between skin and cartilage in pinna
What is the best management for haematoma auris?
drain the blood
pressure dressing
Wehn should syringing of earwax be avoided?
If the eardrum is perforated
What is otitis externa an infection of?
Skin of the external ear canal
What is otitis externa also known as?
Swimmer’s ear
What organisms commonly cause otitis externa?
Pseudomonas
Staphylococcus
Symptoms of otitis externa?
Pain
Itching
Sometimes a fetid discharge
What is the treatment of otitis externa?
Clean the ear
Keep it dry
Short course of antibiotic drops
What can excessive and prolonged use of antibiotic drops lead to?
Change of normal flora
Fungal infection - otomycosis
What are Exostoses and what is the condition also known as?
Broad based bony swellings in the external ear and are thought to be an inflammatory response to cold water exposure.
Surfer’s ear
What are osteomas and how do they differ from exotoses?
Benign bony tumour of the external ear canal. More common in men unilateral not a result of cold water exposure narrower pedunculated