Ear

Question 1

Where can referred pain to the outer ear be from?

Answer 1

Mandible and mandibular teeth CNVc
Temporomandibular joint CNVc
Laryngopharynx CNX
Larynx CNX
Cardiac CNX

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 2

Skin
Mesoderm
Respiratory mucosa

Question 3

Which cranial nerve carries pain referral from middle ear to pharynx?

Answer 3

CN IX

Question 4

What tissue types make up the pinna?

Answer 4

Elastic cartilage

Fleshy lobule

Question 5

Which part of the external acoustic meatus produces cerumen (earwax)?

Answer 5

Glands in cartilaginous part

Question 6

What are symptoms of otitis externa?

Answer 6

Pain

Itchy

Question 7

Why must an adult pinna be pulled postero superiorly during otoscopy?

Answer 7

To straighten the external acoustic meatus in order to view tympanic membrane

Question 8

Which direction does the cone of light point when viewing a normal tympanic membrane?

Answer 8

Antero inferiorly

Question 9

Is a normal tympanic membrane concave or convex when viewed by otoscopy?

Answer 9

Concave

Question 10

What are the 3 names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

Answer 10

Auditory tube
Eustachian tube
Pharyngotympanic tube

Question 11

Name the ossicles of the middle ear

Answer 11

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

Question 12

Where is the middle ear?

Answer 12

Petrous temporal bone

Question 13

Which 2 structures do the ossicles connect?

Answer 13

Tympanic membrane

Oval window

Question 14

What is the role of the ossicles?

Answer 14

Amplify signal from large tympanic membrane to small oval window

Question 15

What type of joints connect the ossicles?

Answer 15

Synovial

Question 16

Where does tensor tympani muscle insert?

Answer 16

Neck of malleus

Question 17

Which cranial nerve supplies tensor tympani muscle?

Answer 17

CNVc

Question 18

What is the function of tensor tympani?

Answer 18

Reduce amplitude of tympanic membrane oscillations

Question 19

Which cranial nerve supplies stapedius muscle?

Answer 19

CNVII facial

Question 20

What is the function of stapedius?

Answer 20

Reduces oscillatory range & excess movement of stapes

Question 21

What is hyperacusis?

Answer 21

Over sensitivity to certain frequency and volume ranges of sound. Can be result of damage to inner ear or facial nerve palsy

Question 22

Where is the aditus to the mastoid antrum found in the middle ear?

Answer 22

Posterior / mastoid wall

Question 23

Which nerve can be damaged by tympanic membrane rupture and what might this cause?

Answer 23

Chorda tympani

Loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 24

Middle ear infections can cause dizziness, which structure is affected?

Answer 24

Vestibular system

Question 25

What is the suprameatal triangle?

Answer 25

Surgical access point for the mastoid/tympanic antrum

Question 26

What does blockage of the auditory tube cause?

Answer 26

Prevents drainage of middle ear epithelial secretions | Prevents pressure equalisation

Question 27

Which 3 muscles open auditory tube on swallowing?

Answer 27

Tensor veli palatini Levator palatini Salpingopharyngeus

Question 28

What is the opening of the auditory tube surrounded by?

Answer 28

Tubal tonsil tissue

Question 29

Which embryological derivatives are involved in formation of the ear?

Answer 29

Pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 1st cleft 1st pouch

Question 30

What does the 1st pharyngeal arch develop into?

Answer 30

CN V Tensor tympani Tensor veli palatini Malleus and incus

Question 31

What does the 2nd pharyngeal arch develop into?

Answer 31

CN VII facial Facial expression muscles Stapes Stapedius

Question 32

Where does the external acoustic meatus develop from?

Answer 32

1st cleft

Question 33

What does the 1st pouch develop into?

Answer 33

Tympanic cavity Mastoid antrum Auditory tube

Question 34

What is an auricular sinus?

Answer 34

Also known as congenital auricular fistula Nodule dent or dimple adjacent to external ear First cleft remnants

Question 35

What is the difference between suppurative and secretory otitis media?

Answer 35

Suppurative is infection in the middle ear and causes pain and swelling of tympanic membrane Secretory (glue ear) is mucoid accumulation, can block pharyngotympanic tube and can lead to speech and language development problems in children

Question 36

How do you determine the difference between conduction and sensorineural deafness?

Answer 36

Conduction - Rinne negative, weber loudest in affected ear | Sensorineural - Rinne positive, weber loudest in unaffected ear

Question 37

Which part of the ear does CN VIII supply?

Answer 37

Inner ear