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Block 2 AR > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Where can referred pain to the outer ear be from?

A 
Mandible and mandibular teeth CNVc
Temporomandibular joint CNVc
Laryngopharynx CNX
Larynx CNX
Cardiac CNX
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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A

Skin
Mesoderm
Respiratory mucosa

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve carries pain referral from middle ear to pharynx?

A

CN IX

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4
Q

What tissue types make up the pinna?

A

Elastic cartilage

Fleshy lobule

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5
Q

Which part of the external acoustic meatus produces cerumen (earwax)?

A

Glands in cartilaginous part

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6
Q

What are symptoms of otitis externa?

A

Pain

Itchy

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7
Q

Why must an adult pinna be pulled postero superiorly during otoscopy?

A

To straighten the external acoustic meatus in order to view tympanic membrane

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8
Q

Which direction does the cone of light point when viewing a normal tympanic membrane?

A

Antero inferiorly

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9
Q

Is a normal tympanic membrane concave or convex when viewed by otoscopy?

A

Concave

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10
Q

What are the 3 names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A

Auditory tube
Eustachian tube
Pharyngotympanic tube

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11
Q

Name the ossicles of the middle ear

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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12
Q

Where is the middle ear?

A

Petrous temporal bone

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13
Q

Which 2 structures do the ossicles connect?

A

Tympanic membrane

Oval window

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14
Q

What is the role of the ossicles?

A

Amplify signal from large tympanic membrane to small oval window

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15
Q

What type of joints connect the ossicles?

A

Synovial

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16
Q

Where does tensor tympani muscle insert?

A

Neck of malleus

17
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies tensor tympani muscle?

A

CNVc

18
Q

What is the function of tensor tympani?

A

Reduce amplitude of tympanic membrane oscillations

19
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies stapedius muscle?

A

CNVII facial

20
Q

What is the function of stapedius?

A

Reduces oscillatory range & excess movement of stapes

21
Q

What is hyperacusis?

A

Over sensitivity to certain frequency and volume ranges of sound. Can be result of damage to inner ear or facial nerve palsy

22
Q

Where is the aditus to the mastoid antrum found in the middle ear?

A

Posterior / mastoid wall

23
Q

Which nerve can be damaged by tympanic membrane rupture and what might this cause?

A

Chorda tympani

Loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

24
Q

Middle ear infections can cause dizziness, which structure is affected?

A

Vestibular system

25
Q

What is the suprameatal triangle?

A

Surgical access point for the mastoid/tympanic antrum

26
Q

What does blockage of the auditory tube cause?

A

Prevents drainage of middle ear epithelial secretions

Prevents pressure equalisation

27
Q

Which 3 muscles open auditory tube on swallowing?

A

Tensor veli palatini
Levator palatini
Salpingopharyngeus

28
Q

What is the opening of the auditory tube surrounded by?

A

Tubal tonsil tissue

29
Q

Which embryological derivatives are involved in formation of the ear?

A

Pharyngeal arches 1 and 2
1st cleft
1st pouch

30
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal arch develop into?

A

CN V
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
Malleus and incus

31
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal arch develop into?

A

CN VII facial
Facial expression muscles
Stapes
Stapedius

32
Q

Where does the external acoustic meatus develop from?

A

1st cleft

33
Q

What does the 1st pouch develop into?

A

Tympanic cavity
Mastoid antrum
Auditory tube

34
Q

What is an auricular sinus?

A

Also known as congenital auricular fistula
Nodule dent or dimple adjacent to external ear
First cleft remnants

35
Q

What is the difference between suppurative and secretory otitis media?

A

Suppurative is infection in the middle ear and causes pain and swelling of tympanic membrane
Secretory (glue ear) is mucoid accumulation, can block pharyngotympanic tube and can lead to speech and language development problems in children

36
Q

How do you determine the difference between conduction and sensorineural deafness?

A

Conduction - Rinne negative, weber loudest in affected ear

Sensorineural - Rinne positive, weber loudest in unaffected ear

37
Q

Which part of the ear does CN VIII supply?

A

Inner ear

Block 2 AR (9 decks)

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