Ear

Question 1

the 3 most common causes of conducive hearing loss are:

Answer 1

cerumen
eustachian tube dysfunction (upper respiratory infection)
otosclerosis (stapes bone impeded)

Question 2

treat cerumen impact with _______, mechanical removal, suction, irrigation

Answer 2

detergent ear drops

Question 3

deterioration of the cochlea is a common cause of ________ hearing loss

Answer 3

sensory

Question 4

age, excessive noise exposure, diabetes, head trauma, and _______ are etiologies of _______

Answer 4

ototoxicity

sensory hearing loss

Question 5

presbyacusis is the most frequent cause of ________ and is progressive, usually high-frequency

Answer 5

sensory hearing loss (50% over the age of 75)

Question 6

nerual causes of sensory hearing loss are ________, acoustic neuron, MS

Answer 6

cerebrovascular disease

presbyacusis

Question 7

weber test is heard best on the _______ ear for conducive hearing loss.

Answer 7

affected

Question 8

the rhinne test measures bone versus air conduction. Suspect _______ hearing loss if the patient only hears the sound when its pressed on the mastoid bone

Answer 8

conducive

Question 9

non-malignant tumors of the 8th cranial nerve are _______

Answer 9

acoustic neuromas

Question 10

acoustic neuromas arise from the _________ of the inferior vestibular nerve. Treat surgery and radiation. Pt will present with ___________ hearing loss

Answer 10

schwann cells

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Question 11

tinnitus may be caused by ___________, sensorineural hearing loss, ototoxic, head and neck injuries

Answer 11

conductive hearing loss,

Question 12

the limbic system is activated with _______, so increased HR/sweating/insomnia may accompany

Answer 12

tinnitus

Question 13

pt with tinnitus may present with conductive hearing loss (lower pitched) or _______(higher pitched)

Answer 13

sensorinuerual

Question 14

tinnitius differential may include _______ and pulsatile tinnitus (vascular etiology)

Answer 14

meniere’s

Question 15

blunt trauma to the auricle may result in ________, where blood accumulates in the subperichondrial space. may return to sports after 7 days.

Answer 15

traumatic auricular hematoma

Question 16

otitis extern is most commonly _______ (staph epidermis) and is usually due to excessive _______, scratching, swimming, devices. 8% will be fungal.

Answer 16

bacterial

cleaning

Question 17

treat otitis externa with ______, such as ciprofloxacin (has low ototoxicity)

Answer 17

antibiotic

Question 18

erythema and pruritus of the external auditory canal is ________. Treat with ______ or corticosteroid if inflammatory (tramcinolone)

Answer 18

contact dermatitis

mineral oil

Question 19

external auditory canal carcinomas are ____, aggressive tumors. Present with _____, mild pain, hearing loss, friable lesion

Answer 19

bloody otorrhea

rare

Question 20

multiple exostoses are often acquired from repeated exposure to _____ ____ (surfers ear) and require surgical removal

Answer 20

cold water

Question 21

eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the __________. allows for ventilation and _____ of secretions of the middle ear.

Answer 21

nasopharynx

drainage

Question 22

eustachian tube dysfunction will present with _____ ____, fullness, and “plugged ear”

Answer 22

ear pain

Question 23

treat eustachian tube dysfunction with oral and nasal _______ (flonase) or antihistamines for allergies

Answer 23

decongestants

Question 24

serous otitis media is middle ear _______ without acute signs of ______. May see the “bubbles”. Presents with hearing loss, fullness, ear pain, _______. Treat with oral and nasal decongestants, or antihistamines

Answer 24

effusion
infection
tinnitus

Question 25

barotrauma from pressure gradient (flying/diving) describes _________. Happens when pt already has a cold/allergies. Eardrum will be ____, _____, and will have conducive hearing loss. Treat with decongestants (sudoephedrine)

Answer 25

barotitis media. | red, retracted

Question 26

otitis media is most commonly from ____, ____, and ____. Considerable bulging of the ear drum with purulent fluid behind the tympanic membrane

Answer 26

s pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

Question 27

ear pain, hearing loss, vertigo are common in an ________

Answer 27

acute otitis media

Question 28

tympanostomy tubes may be warranted for children with over ____ documented episodes in 6 months

Answer 28

3 (or over 4 within 12 months)

Question 29

inflammation of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone is __________ and most often results from otitis media

Answer 29

acute mastoiditis

Question 30

CT scan should be performed for acute mastoiditis, and pt should be treated with ______

Answer 30

IV antibiotics

Question 31

chronic suppurative otitis media is chronic infection due to recurrent ______. Will have purulent ear discharge

Answer 31

AOM

Question 32

choleasteatomas is a squamous epithelium-lined sac, filled with ______ debris and will become chronically infected. Antibiotics for infection, or surgical therapy to remove sac

Answer 32

keratin

Question 33

pathologic nystagmus occurs when the semicircular canal are being stimulated while the head is ________

Answer 33

not in motion

Question 34

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is ____________ positional vertigo and is attributed to ___________ (calcium debris in the posteriror semicircular canal)

Answer 34

brief | canalithiasis

Question 35

recurrent spells of vertigo, which last under several minutes per spell, associated with changes in head position is typical for __________

Answer 35

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Question 36

Dixs-hallpike maneuver confirms _______

Answer 36

BPPV

Question 37

treat BPPV with ________protocols (Epley maneuver), meclizine, maybe benzodiazepines

Answer 37

physical therapy

Question 38

vetibular neuronitis is inflammation of the nerve, whereas labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear, but results in ____________

Answer 38

hearing changes

Question 39

labyrinthitis is the most common cause of ________ ______

Answer 39

temporary vertigo

Question 40

pt usually had viral URI, EBV, measles prior to ________

Answer 40

vertigo

Question 41

treat labyrinthitis with ________, antibiotics, or oral steroid

Answer 41

support

Question 42

meniere's disease is _______ vertigo due to endolymphatic hydrops (excessive watery fluid) and may last 20 minutes to hours to days

Answer 42

idiopathic

Question 43

treat menieres with low-salt diet and _____, and symptomatic meds for vertigo

Answer 43

diuretics

Question 44

syphilis and head trauma may cause ________

Answer 44

menieres

Question 45

BPPV is brief (seconds), vestibular neuritis is a single episode that persists, menieres is ________ and lasts minutes to hours

Answer 45

recurrent

Question 46

position receptors are located in the cervical spine. _________ is a common cause of vertigo.

Answer 46

Cervical proprioceptive dysfunction