Ear

Question 1

Pathogenesis and microscopic pic of cauliflower ear

Answer 1

Path: acquired deformity of the external ear due to degeneration of catilage as result of repeated trauma as in boxer and wrestlers.
M, destruction of cartilage forming homogenous matrix (chorndomalacia) and fibrous replacement.

Question 2

Define otosclerosis & its mode of inheritance

Answer 2

It is abnormal bone deposition in the middle ear around the oval window into which foot of stapes is inserted causing sensorineural deafness. It affects both ears.
Autosomal dominant transmission

Question 3

Pathogenesis of otosclerosis

Answer 3

It appears to represent uncoupling of bone resorption & formation. It begins with bone resorption followed by fibrosis. Overtime fibrosis is replaced by dense new bone anchoring the footplate of stapes.

Question 4

Pathogenesis & microscopic pic of aural polyp

Answer 4

Tumor-like lesion arising from middle ear as a complication of chronic otitis media into the EAC
Histologically appear as chronic inflammatory granulation tissue and are often covered by metaplastic squamous epithelium or pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Question 5

Describe pathogenesis and microscopic pic of keratoma

Answer 5

Post-inflammatory pseudo-tumor of middle ear or mastoid cells
-Invariable history of acute or chronic otitis media with marginal perforation through which squamous epithelial cells enter the middle ear and result in exfoliation of squamous and formation of keratin. Rarely, may be caused by embryonal rests of squamous epithelium in temporal bone
-Microscopically, consists of cysts containing abundant keratin material admixed with cholesterol crystals and large number of histiocytes. May cause pressure erosion of bone.

Question 6

Jugular paraganglioma arises from……

Answer 6

Jugulare bodies of middle ear (jugulotympanic bodies)

Question 7

The most common benign tumor of middle ear is….,

Answer 7

Jugular paraganglioma

Question 8

Describe microscopic pic of jugular paraganglioma

Answer 8

Tumor cells contain neurosecretory granules arranged in typical organoid pattern or nests. The tumor may extend locally to involve skull & brain but may rarely metastasise.

Question 9

Mention results of acoustic neuroma

Answer 9

Deafness, tinnitus, hydrocephalus, paralysis of 5th & 7th CNs, brain stem compression.