EAR Flashcards
Ear Anatomy
memorize the photo
insert AIr anatomy photo
Functions of the ears
Air conduction
sounds waves move the hair cells in the organ of corti and nerve fibers transmit the impuse to auditory nerve
Bone conduction
sound waves transmitted thru mastoid bone to inner ear
- goes directly to inner ear bypassing external and middle ear
Equillibrium
Semicircular canals
alert brain to rotational movement
vestibule
alert brain to gravational movement
functions of the middle ear
Insert anatomy photo here
- ossicles- 3 small bones
- HAS
- Hammer( malleus)-anvil( incus)-stapes( stirrup)
- from ear drum to hammer to anvil to stapes ( vibration pathway)
- oval window moves fluid inside inner ea
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- oval window moves fluid inside inner ea
anatomy of the ear
insert photo here
describe cochlea
- (dedicating for hearing) cochlea= auditory nerve that transmits sound impulses
- hair cells receive vibration from oval window indicating sound
inner ear
Semicircular canal
- semicircular canal located in the inner ear
- responsible for balance( rotational movement)
- ( for linear hearing) otoliths float inside the canal
- hair cells can recognize when otoliths move, alerting the body of its positioning.
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- hair cells can recognize when otoliths move, alerting the body of its positioning.
dynamic equilibrium
- position while moving is determined in semiciuruclar canal
- triggeres when spinning
- cause dizziness and sickness
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physical exam of the ear
RInne test and weber tes
- weber test( top of the head).
- rinne test air and bone conduction
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inspection and palpation of the external ear
- the photo
Hearing pathway
external ear to middle ear know conductive phase
cochlea and cochlear branch-sensrineural phase
conductive hearing loss
- hearing loss of the external and middle ear
- people ofter are able to hear in the noisy environment
- sound is heard longer than bone thru air
- example of external ear-otitis external, benign bone growth
middle ear example-otitis media cholesteatomas, perforation of the tympanic membrane.
sensorineural hearing loss
- congenital and heredity conditions
- people always complain about the noisy environments, mumble and have trouble understanding speech.
such as: presbycusis, viral infection, rubella, cytomegalovirus, Meniere disease ototoxic drugs and acoustic neuroma
cerumen wax
contains hair bearing skin that produces wax
acute otitis media and external
tympanic membrane appears perforated
appears yellowish and green discharge
tinnitus
the perceived sound that has no external stimuli
ofter increase with age, when its connected with vertigo suspect meniere disease.
Ear anatomy
Photo
mastoiditis
Mastoiditis is usually caused by a middle ear infection. This infection can result in damage to the mastoid bone and the formation of pus-filled cysts.
Symptoms include redness, swelling, and tenderness around the bone. Fever, ear pain, and discharge
serious otitis media
- Otitis media with effusion (OME (picture 1)), also called serous oti_tis media, is defined as the presence of middle ear fl_uid without signs of acute infection [1]. OME often occurs after acute otitis media (AOM), but it also may occur with Eustachian tube dysfunction in young children in the absence of a preceding AOM.
otosclerosis
An inherited disorder that causes hearing loss due to the ear’s inability to amplify sound.
There are three small bones that connect to the ear drum to help amplify sound waves. When someone has this condition, one of the bones is unable to vibrate freely.
Symptoms may include hearing loss or ringing in the ears. In rare cases, vertigo may occur.
Treatment may include hearing aids or surgery to help the bones of the ear vibrate more freely
otalgia
- Pain in the inner or outer ear that may interfere with ability to hear, often caused by excess fluid and infection.
light reflex
- Pain in the inner or outer ear that may interfere with ability to hear, often caused by excess fluid and infection.
