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Y4 ENT > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of AOE?

A
  • Swelling
  • Itching
  • Watery ear discharge
  • Otalgia (earache) and tenderness
  • Ear canal oedematous and tender
  • Pre and post auricular lymph node swelling
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2
Q

What are the risk factors for AOE?

A
  • Instrumentation of the ear canal (cotton buds)
  • Skin conditions (eczema or psoriasis)
  • Allowing water to enter the ear
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3
Q

What can AOE cause?

A
  • perichondritis
  • cellulitis
  • osteomyelitis/ malignant otitis externa
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4
Q

What are the common causative organisms of AOE?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Aspergillus niger
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5
Q

What is the management of AOE?

A
  • Keep the ear dry
  • Oral analgesia
  • Topical antibiotics drop with a steroid
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6
Q

If an AOE infection is spreading, what is the management?

A

Flucloxacillin

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7
Q

What are the signs of osteomyelitis/malignant otitis externa?

A
  • Granulation tissue at bone-cartilage junction of ear canal
  • Facial nerve palsy
  • Temp >39 °C
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis/malignant otitis externa?

A
  • Pain and headache
  • Vertigo
  • Profound hearing loss
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9
Q

What is the common pathogen causing osteomyelitis/malignant otitis externa?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

What are the common pathogens causing AOM?

A
  • Strep pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of AOM?

A
  • Earache
  • Ear discharge
  • Hearing loss
  • Fever
  • Child
  • Associated URTI
  • Tympanic membrane inflammation
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12
Q

What is seen on otoscope in AOM?

A
  • Red, yellow or cloudy tympanic membrane
  • Mod-sev bulging of tympanic membrane
  • Air-fluid level behind tympanic membrane
  • Perforation and/or discharge in the external auditory canal
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13
Q

How do you manage AOM?

A

Analgesia

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14
Q

When do you give antibiotics for AOM?

A
  • Symptoms >4 days or not improving
  • Systemically unwell
  • Immunocompromised/high risk of complications (heart, lung, kidney, liver or neuromuscular disease)
  • <2yrs with bilateral otitis media
  • Perforation and/or discharge in the canal
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15
Q

What is mucosal COM?

A

Perforated tympanic membrane allowing infection to develop in middle ear

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16
Q

What is squamous COM?

A

Cholesteatoma formation

17
Q

What is the management for mucosal COM?

A
  • No treatment as tympanic membrane will usually heal after 6-8weeks
  • Antibiotics if following AOM
  • Myringoplasty if does not heal alone
  • Keep ear dry
18
Q

What are the symptoms for squamous COM?

A
  • Recurrent/chronic purulent ear discharge
  • Uniltaeral conductive hearing loss/tinnitus
  • Otalgia, vertigo or facial nerve involvement
19
Q

What will you see with an otoscope in squamous COM?

A
  • Ear discharge
  • Deep retraction pocket with/without granulation tissue
  • Crust/keratin in upper part of tympanic membrane
  • Perforation
20
Q

What are the symptoms of otitis media with effusion?

A
  • Conductive hearing loss
  • Poor speech development in children
  • Mild intermitting ear pain
  • Aural discharge
  • Recurrent ear infections, URTI or frequent nasal obstruction
21
Q

What will you see with an otoscope in otitis media with effusion?

A
  • Effusion and air fluid levels/bubbles are visible
  • Normal tympanic membrane landmarks
  • Tympanic membrane is dull and slightly injected
22
Q

What is a glomus juglare?

A

A vascular tumour the presents as a red mass behind an intact tympanic membrane

23
Q

How does a glomus juglare present?

A
  • Pulsatile tinnitus
  • Vertigo
  • Painless
  • Paresis of CN IX-XI

Y4 ENT (3 decks)

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