EAQ Ch: 41 - Oxygenation Flashcards
Which condition is most likely induced by salicylate (aspirin) poisoning?
Hyperventilation
The nurse is teaching a group of patients about respiratory disease. Which factors can affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? Select all that apply.
- Anemia
- Dysuria
- Inhalation of toxins
- Severe dehydration
- Fracture of radius bone
1, 3, 4
Arrange the steps in order for applying a nasal cannula to a patient.
Incorrect
1.
Attach the nasal cannula to a humidified oxygen source
Incorrect
2.
Insert nasal prongs slightly into the patient’s nostrils
Incorrect
3.
Fit the attached tubing over the patient’s ears
Incorrect
4.
Use the slide connector and secure it under the chin
2,3,4,1
The hemoglobin level of a patient who has pallor and looks weak is 8 g/dL. Upon assessment, the patient’s heart rate is 110 bpm and respiratory rate is 30 breaths per minute. Which physiological factor is directly responsible for this condition?
1
Increased metabolic rate
2
Reduced circulating blood volume
3
Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
4
Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
3
What is the reason for heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI)?
1
Increased myocardial workload
2
Increased oxygen demands of the myocardium
3
Inability of the heart chambers to fill adequately
4
Impairment of the contractile function of the ventricle
4
The nurse assesses that the infant’s oxygenation is affected by teething. Which condition is associated with this development?
1
Nasal congestion
2
Enlargement of the trachea
3
Reduced functional cilia
4
Calcification of the heart valves
1
A nurse assesses a patient and determines there are color changes to the skin due to hypoxia. What may be the cause of this change?
1
Decreased metabolic rate
2
Decreased circulation of blood volume
3
Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
4
Decreased carbon dioxide-carrying capacity
2
Which diagnostic test is used in the daily measurement for early detection of asthma exacerbations?
1
Lung scan
2
Thoracentesis
3
Pulmonary function test
4
Peak expiratory flow rate
4
A patient is admitted to a hospital with a myocardial infarction. Which common signs or symptoms should the nurse expect in this patient? Select all that apply.
1
The patient has a crushing or squeezing chest pain.
2
The pain does not last more than 20 minutes.
3
The pain is not ameliorated by rest or nitroglycerine.
4
There are convulsions and spasms of the extremities.
5
There may be shortness of breath along with chest pain
1,3,5
The nurse is conducting a health awareness program on the ill effects of smoking. Which information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
1
Smoking causes vasodilatation and hypotension.
2
Smoking can cause lung cancer as well as leukemia.
3
Nicotine causes vasoconstriction and hypertension.
4
Smoking during pregnancy contributes to a macrocosmic infant.
5
Smoking during pregnancy can cause low-birth-weight babies
2,3,5
A patient complains of chest pain and discomfort. Which diagnostic studies should the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.
1
Serum cholesterol
2
Electrocardiogram
3
Electroencephalogram
4
Serum cardiac enzymes
5
Ultrasonography of pelvis
1,2,4
While caring for a patient who has hypoxia, the nurse finds that the patient’s airway clearance is ineffective due to retention of thick pulmonary secretions. Which nursing interventions may be beneficial for the patient? Select all that apply.
1
Encouraging fluid intake
2
Teaching cascade cough
3
Administering antipyretic drugs
4
Administering intravenous antibiotics
5
Placing the patient in a low Fowler’s position
1,2
A patient who has left-sided heart failure develops fatigue, breathlessness, dizziness, and confusion. Chronologically arrange the pathophysiologic events involved in the development of this condition.
1.
Decreased cardiac output
2.
Development of tissue hypoxia
3.
Decreased functioning of the left ventricle
4.
Development of symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness
5.
Decreased amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle
3, 5, 1, 2, 4
While caring for a patient with respiratory disease, the nurse observes that the oxygen saturation drops from 94% to 85% when the patient ambulates. Which is the most appropriate nursing action?
1
Administer supplemental oxygen.
2
Obtain arterial blood gas (ABG) values to verify the oxygen saturation reading.
3
Continue to monitor the patient as this finding is a normal response to activity.
4
Move the oximetry probe from the finger to the earlobe for an accurate oxygen saturation measurement during activity
1
A patient who has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus develops hypoventilation. What does the nurse suspect is the cause of the hypoventilation?
1
Salicylate poisoning
2
Diabetic ketoacidosis
3
Amphetamine overdose
4
Overdose of oxygen therapy
4
Which condition may cause hypoxia due to decreased movement of the chest wall?
1
Microcytic anemia
2
Anaphylactic shock
3
Guillain-Barré syndrome
4
Carbon monoxide toxicity
3
A patient reports having chronic dry cough in the mornings, with occasional production of thick, yellow-green sputum in small quantities. The nurse finds that the patient has dry skin and the mucous membranes are dry. On auscultation, crackles are heard in lower lobes bilaterally. Which intervention will relieve dryness of the mucous membranes?
1
Giving a nebulizer treatment
2
Giving plenty of oral fluids
3
Administering 2 L/min of oxygen
4
Instilling normal saline into airways
2
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with pneumonia. The blood gases report that was taken during admission indicates respiratory acidosis with mild hypoxemia. Repeated arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis reveals that hypoxemia is worsening. Presently, the PaO2 is 50 mm Hg and SpO2 is 70%. Which signs or symptoms consistent with decreased oxygen levels may the nurse find in the patient? Select all that apply.
1
Tachypnea
2
Cough
3
Fever
4
Cyanosis
5
Tachycardia
1,4,5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with pneumonia. The patient reports intermittent episodes of cough accompanied with thick yellow sputum. On auscultation, the nurse finds abnormal lung sounds (crackles) in the left base and both upper lobes. A chest x-ray reveals infiltrations in both upper lobes and the left lower lobe. Which instructions given by the nurse are appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply.
1
“Drink good quantities of warm water.”
2
“Walk around as much as you can.”
3
“Place a hot-water bag on your chest.”
4
“Try to spend most of your time in prone position.”
5
“Perform deep-breathing exercises once every 2 hours.
1,2,5
A patient is admitted with the diagnosis of severe left-sided heart failure. The nurse expects to auscultate which adventitious lung sounds?
1
Sonorous wheezes in the left lower lung
2
Rhonchi midsternum
3
Crackles only in apex of lungs
4
Inspiratory crackles in lung bases
4