EAPP: FALLACIES

Question 1

This is an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning.

Answer 1

LOGICAL FALLACY

Question 2

A type of fallacy in which the premises, though logically relevant to the conclusion, fail to provide sufficient evidence for the conclusion.

Answer 2

FALLACIES OF INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

Question 3

A type of fallacy in which the premises are logically irrelevant to the conclusion.

Answer 3

FALLACIES OF RELEVANCE

Question 4

A statement is ________ relevant to another statement if it provides at least some reason for thinking that the second statement is FALSE.

Answer 4

NEGATIVELY

Question 5

A statement is ________ relevant to another restatement if it provides at least some reason for thinking that the second statement is TRUE.

Answer 5

POSITIVELY

Question 6

A statement is ________ _______ to another statement if it provides at NO reason for thinking that the second statement is either TRUE OR FALSE.

Answer 6

LOGICALLY IRRELEVANT

Question 7

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer criticizes a person’s motivation for offering a particular argument or claim, rather than examining the worth of the argument or claim itself.

Answer 7

ATTACKING THE MOTIVE

Question 8

Identify what fallacy:
1. X fails to follow their own advice.
2. Therefore, X’s claim or argument should be rejected.

Answer 8

LOOK WHO’S TALKING

Question 9

This is an example of what fallacy?
Diplomat to Diplomat: I’m sure you’ll agree that we are the rightful rulers of the Iraq. It would be regrettable if we had to send armed forces to demonstrate the validity of our claim.

Answer 9

SCARE TACTICS

Question 10

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer appeals to a person’s desire to be popular, accepted, or valued, rather than to logically relevant or evidence.

Answer 10

BANDWAGON ARGUMENT

Question 11

Identify what fallacy:
1. Person A has position X.
2. Person B presents position Y (which is a distorted version of X)
3. Person B attacks position Y.
4. Therefore X is false/incorrect/flawed.

Answer 11

STRAW MAN

Question 12

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer states or assumes as a premise (reason) the very thing he is seeking to probe as a conclusion.

Answer 12

BEGGING THE QUESTION

Question 13

Identify what fallacy:
1. Topic A is under discussion.
2. Topic B is introduces under the guise of being relevant to topic A (when topic B is actually not relevant to topic A).
3. Topic A is abandoned.

Answer 13

RED HERRING

Question 14

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer attempts to evoke feelings of pity or compassion, where such feelings, however understandable, are not relevant to the truth of the arguer’s conclusion.

Answer 14

APPEAL TO PITY

Question 14

Identify what fallacy:
1. P is presented, with the intent to create pity.
2. Therefore claim C is true

Answer 14

APPEAL TO PITY

Question 15

This is an example of what fallacy?
Everyone is going to get the new smart phone when it comes out this weekend. Why aren’t you?

Answer 15

BANDWAGON ARGUMENT

Question 16

This is an example of what fallacy?
Caroline says that she thinks her friends should not be so rude to the new girl. Jenna says that she cannot believe that Caroline is choosing to be better friends with the new girl than the girls who have always known her.

Answer 16

STRAW MAN

Question 17

Fallacies Of Relevance:
When an arguer rejects a person’s argument or claim by attacking the person’s character rather than examining the worth of the argument or claim itself.

Answer 17

PERSONAL ATTACK

Question 18

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer attempts to justify a wrongful act by claiming that some other act is just as bas or worse.

Answer 18

TWO WRONGS MAKE A RIGHT

Question 19

This is an example of what fallacy?
The rights of the criminal are just as important as the rights of the victim. Everyone’s rights are equal.

Answer 19

BEGGING THE QUESTION

Question 20

This is an example of what fallacy?
Lou: “It is immoral to use non-human animals for our own purposes. That includes eating animals, or using them for our clothing.”
Greg: “Okay, Mr. Leather Shoes, I hear you loud and clear. Let me eat my steak now, would you please?”

Answer 20

TWO WRONGS MAKE A RIGHT

Question 21

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer rejects another person’s argument or claim because that person is a hypocrite.

Answer 21

LOOK WHO’S TALKING

Question 22

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer tries to sidetrack his audience by raising an irrelevant issue, and the claims that the original issue has been effectively settled by the irrelevant diversion.

Answer 22

RED HERRING

Question 23

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer threatens harm to a reader or listener and this threat is irrelevant to the truth of the arguer’s conclusion.

Answer 23

SCARE TACTICS

Question 24

Fallacies of Relevance:
When an arguer misrepresents another person’s position to make it easier to attack.

Answer 24

STRAW MAN

Question 25

This is an example of what fallacy?
A Supreme Court nominee must be approved by the senate. A female judge has impeccable qualifications, but one senator objects because she is an outspoken lesbian.

Answer 25

PERSONAL ATTACK

Question 26

This is an example of what fallacy?
A student gets into trouble for not meeting the dress code at her school. When her teacher confronts her, she begins talking about how the dress code is a punishment for girls and boys are able to wear whatever they want.

Answer 26

RED HERRING

Answer 27

SCARE TACTICS