EAG Flashcards
Signs of impending labor
(after 38 weeks),
including lightening, engagement, cervical
changes, and presence of contractions.
Signs and symptoms of impending labor (Premonitory
Signs)
Lightening is the descent of the fetus and uterus into
the pelvic cavity 2 to 3 weeks before the onset of
labor.
Braxton Hicks
Cervical changes include softening , “ripening” and
effacement of the cervix that will cause expulsion of
the mucous plug (bloody show).
Rupture of amniotic membranes
Burst of energy or increased tension and fatigue may
occur right before the onset of labor.
Weight loss of about 1 to 3 pounds may occur 2 to 3
days before the onset of labor
Early skin-to-skin contact
prevents hypothermia, hypoglycemia and sepsis,
increases colonization with protective bacterial flora
and improved breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity
Oral contraceptives,
are composed of varying amounts of
synthetic estrogen combined with a small amount of
synthetic progesterone (progestin).
ORAL ROUTE
Hormonal Contraceptive Pill
comprises of synthetic
estrogen combined with small amount of synthetic
progesterone. It prevents ovulation by inhibiting FSH and
decreases the permeability of cervical mucus.
ORAL ROUTE
Combination pills
monophasic
– fixed dose of estrogen and
progesterone throughout 21-day cycle
ORAL ROUTE
Combination pills
biphasic
constant amount of estrogen throughout
the cycle, but varying amounts of progestin.
ORAL ROUTE
Combination pills
triphasic
vary in both estrogen and progestin
content throughout the cycle.
ORAL ROUTE
Sunday start:
Take the first pill on the first Sunday after the
beginning of a menstrual flow.
ORAL ROUTE
Quick start:
Begin pills as soon as they are prescribed.
Beginning pills immediately after a prescription is filled may
increase compliance, reducing unintended pregnancies.
ORAL ROUTE
First day start:
start: Begin pills on the first day of menses
Coc’s are not
effective for the first __ days after birth
7
Lybrel is a
a new low-dose combination estrogen and
progestin pill that is taken 365 days a yr. without a placebo
or pill-free interval so menstrual periods are completely
eliminated for 1 yr
ORAL ROUTE
Emergency contraception
is a way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex
o Often called the morning-after pill
o levonorgestrel
It works up to 72 hours after having unprotected sex
ORAL ROUTE
Mini pills
(progestin only) – prevents endometrial
development, implantation will not take place. It thickens
cervical mucus
recommended that adolescent girls have wellestablished menstrual cycles for at least 2 years
before beginning
COCs
After woman stop taking COCs, they may not be able
to become pregnant for
1 to 2 months and possibly
6 to 8 months, because the pituitary requires a
recovery period to begin cyclic gonadotropin
stimulation again
to restore
fertility
clomiphene citrate (Clomid) therapy
Intrauterine Devices (IUD)
a small plastic object inserted
into uterus where it remains in place.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
is an an infection
or inflammation of organs affecting the female
reproductive system (such as the uterus, vagina and
fallopian tubes).
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
Risk for
PID
- Common Types of IUD’s
Copper T380 (ParaGard)
a T shape plastic device
wound with copper. Effective for 10 years
- Common Types of IUD’s
Mirena
Hold a drug reservoir of progesterone in
the stem effective for 5 yrs
in IUD ( use additional form of
contraception, such as spermicide, she is likely to)
expel the
device spontaneously
May notice some ___the first 2 or
3 weeks after IUD insertion
spotting or uterine cramping
in IUD__, in relieving pain.
Ibuprofen
Women may continue to use tampons or menstrual cups for
menstrual flow with no danger of dislodging an IUD
IUD * Use of postpartum woman
Insertion done at a 6-week postpartal checkup, it can
be done after childbirth
TUBAL LIGATION
- Occluding the fallopian tube by cautery, crushing, clamping
or blocking the tube and prevents passage of the sperm into
the tube to meet the ova.
TUBAL LIGATION
The most common operation for female IS
sterilization is laparoscopy
Other Existing DOH Programs on Maternal and Child Care
Women’s Health and Safe Motherhood Project
As a measure to accelerate efforts on MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate)
reduction,
Other Existing DOH Programs on Maternal and Child Care
4. Early Childhood Care and Development Program
Republic Act 8980
(ECCD) Act of
2000
as the full range of health, nutrition, early
education, and social services programs that provide for the basic holistic needs of
young children from birth to age six (6)
It encourages the active involvement of parents and communities.
The implementation of this system shall be the responsibility of the national
government, LGUs, NGOs, and private organizations
Other Existing DOH Programs on Maternal and Child Care
7. Expanded Program on Immunization
The Expanded Program on Immunization is one of\ the DOH Programs that has already been institutionalized and adopted by all LGUs in the region
Its objective is to reduce infant mortality and morbidity through
decreasing the prevalence of six immunizable diseases (TB, diphtheria, pertussis,
tetanus, polio and measles
Reproductive Health Bil
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012
informally
known as the Reproductive Health Law
which
guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual
education, and maternal care
RA10354
Reproductive Health Bill and Other Existing DOH Programs on Maternal and
Child Care
*What is the purpose of reproductive health law?
It entails fairness and justice in the distribution of benefits
and responsibilities between women and men, and often
requires women specific projects and programs to end
existing inequalities. This concept recognizes that while
reproductive health involves women and men, it is more
critical for women’s health
WATER BIRTH
Water birth is the process of giving birth in a tub of warm
water.
The theory behind water birth is that since the baby has
already been in the amniotic fluid sac for nine months,
birthing in a similar environment is gentler for the baby and
less stressful for the mother.
The term “wrongful birth”
is the birth of a disabled child
whose pregnancy the parents would have chosen to end if
they had been informed about the disability during
pregnancy.
“Wrongful conception”
denotes that a contraceptive
measure failed, allowing an unwanted child to be conceived
and born.
The parents may file a claim for damages if the contraceptive device failed to prevent the pregnancy.
This claim is based on the fact that the contraceptive device was defective, causing the unexpected conception.
Infancy Type of play –
solitary
ACCIDENT PREVENTION MEASURES FOR INFANTS
ASPIRATIONS
FALLS|
MOTOR VEHICLE
SUFFOCATION
DROWNING
POISONING
BURNS
Accidents are leading cause of death in children from
1
month through 24 years of age
TODDLER
Types of play –
parallel
COMMON SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT
ACCIDENTS DURING THE TODDLER YEARS
INFANCY + ANIMAL BITES
PRE – SCHOOLER
The preschool period typically spans ages 3 to 6 years,
marked by slowed physical growth but significant
development in personality and cognition.
Preschoolers, eager for autonomy, often express a desire
to make choices, dress independently, feed themselves,
and perform self-care tasks, reflecting their growing sense
of identity.
PRE – SCHOOLER
3 YEARS
4 YEARS
5 YEARS
– able to take turns; very imaginative
– pretending is major activity
– likes games with numbers or letters
COMMON SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT
ACCIDENTS DURING THE PRESCHOOL YEARS
COMMUNITY SAFETY + INANCY
SCHOOL – AGE CHILD
The term “school age” commonly refers to children between
the ages of 6 and 12. Although these years represent a time
of slow physical growth, cognitive growth and development
continue to proceed at rapid rates.
SCHOOL – AGE CHILD
Types of play
– competitive (prefers playmates of the same
sex) enjoys athletic activity
COMMON SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT
ACCIDENTS DURING THE SCHOOL YEARS
SPORTS INJURIES
COMMUNITY
DRUGS
FIRE ARMS
Adolescence
is generally defined as the period between
13 and 18 or 20 years, a time that serves as a transition
between childhood and young adulthood.
* It can be divided into:
o early period (13 to 14 years)
o middle period (15 to 16 years)
o late period (17 to 20 years).
MEASURES TO PREVENT ACCIDENT IN
ADOLESCENT
MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT
FIREARMS
DROWNING
SPORTS
Erik Homburger Erikson
An American child psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial
development of human beings
● He coined the phrase “identity crisis”
● In Childhood and Society, he examined and mapped the personal
development of humans throughout their lifetime
● Produced what was to become psychology’s most popular and influential
theory of human development
Cognitive Development Theory (Jean Piaget)
Focuses on how children construct knowledge and how their thinking
processes change over time
● Stages of Cognitive Development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational, and formal operational
● Schemes and Adaptation: introduced concepts like schemas (mental
structure) and adaptation (assimilation and accommodation) to explain
how children interact with their environment and learn
● Significance: highlights the active role of children in their own cognitive
development
Jean Piaget
Swiss psychologist, biologist, logician, philosopher and academic
● Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are
together called genetic epistemology
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis
offered the first real theory of personality
development.
