EAE 09 Minerals

Question 1

How is Bauxite used?

Answer 1

Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite ore.

Question 2

What are the Bulk commodities?

4 points.

Answer 2

• Iron ore
• Bauxite
• Concrete
• Coal

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Question 3

What are the three aspect resources?

3 points.

Answer 3

• Bulk commodities
• Base metals
• Rare earth metals

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Question 4

What is Australia’s largest export?

Answer 4

Iron Ore is ⅓ of the world output.

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Question 5

Where is most of Australia’s iron ore produced?

Answer 5

94% of iron ore production is in Western Australia.

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Question 6

What are the Environmental impacts of mining?

4 points.

Answer 6

Contamination of

• Soil
• Sediments
• Ground water
• Atmosphere

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Question 7

What is Sequestration?

Answer 7

The use of minerals that are good at absorbing CO2.

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Question 8

What are the different types of deposits?

4 points.

Answer 8

• Sedimentary
• Residual
• Magmatic
• Hydrothermal

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Question 9

What are Sedimentary deposits key features?

3 points.

Answer 9

• Banded iron formations
• Manganese nodules
• Placer deposits

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Question 10

What are Residual deposits features??

3 points.

Answer 10

• Main source of bauxite
• Iron and Nickel
• Rainwater leaching in tropical or subtropical environments

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Question 11

How do Magmatic deposits form?

3 points.

Answer 11

• Magmatic crystallization
• Separation of immiscible metallic liquid
• Physical transport by magma

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Question 12

What do ore deposits need?

Answer 12

Ore deposits need tectonic activity and heat.

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Question 13

What advantages does deep exploration have for Australia?

Answer 13

Most major mineral deposits in Australia are buried.

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Question 14

What do ore deposits need for formation?

Answer 14

Ore deposits need tectonic activity and heat.

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Question 15

What is ‘Grade’?

Answer 15

The measure of the concentration of the mineral you want to mine.

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Question 16

What is the Mineralogical barrier?

Answer 16

Concentration below which elements no longer form distinct bands.

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Question 17

What are the ingredients for Ore Deposits?

3 points.

Answer 17

1. Source
2. Transport mechanism
3. Concentration mechanism

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Question 18

What are the stages in deposit formation?

4 points.

Answer 18

• Energy and source
• Transport
• Deposition
• Enrichment

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Question 19

What is the key information on Solar Photovoltaic?

3 points.

Answer 19

• Cost reduced by 77%
• Technology expected to reach price parity
• Resources used B, Be, Ge, Ga, In, Te as well as Al, Ti, Zn, MG

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Question 20

Key information Energy Storage

3 points.

Answer 20

• Stores energy from generation Li-ion replacing lead ion
• Li-ion battery tech rapidly changing
• Li-ion require Li, Co, C, Ni , Manganese

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Question 21

Key info on rare Earth Elements

3 points.

Answer 21

• Commonly found with uranium and thorium
• Not very concentrated
• China dominates production

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Question 22

Key info Nickel

5 points.

Answer 22

• Australia is 13% of nickel production
• 91% of Nickel production in Aus is in Western Australia
• 80% nickel used in alloys
• 3000 nickel alloys
• It is predicted that there will be a supply issue with nickel

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Question 23

Precious metals key info

2 points.

Answer 23

• Value driven by rarity
• Mainly used by investors

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Question 24

Silver key info

3 points.

Answer 24

• Best conductor of heat and electricity
• Strong, malleable and ductile
• 46% of silver is used in industrial allipeatiods

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Question 25

**Gold info** ## Footnote 4 points.

Answer 25

* 3 parts per billion * Australia is second biggest producer after china * WA is 44% and SA is 25% of production * Welcome stranger is biggest nugget ever found ## Footnote _{EAE 12ax}

Question 26

**Platinum group elements key info** ## Footnote 3 points.

Answer 26

* Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru * Elements of most significance are Pt, Pd, Rh * Australia is not a major in platinum production ## Footnote _{EAE 12ay}

Question 27

**Zinc key info** ## Footnote 3 points.

Answer 27

* 52% is used for coating metals in the process called Galvanising * Australia has 28% of zinc deposits with biggest reserve is in North Australia * China consumes ⅔ of Zinc ## Footnote _{EAE 12az}

Question 28

**Copper key info** ## Footnote 5 points.

Answer 28

* Transition metal used in electric cars and renewable energies * Copper is used in Magmatic, hydrothermal and sedimentary systems * Annual copper demand is 28 million tones * 35% of demand covered by recycling * Demand is rising ## Footnote _{EAE 12ba}

Question 29

**Bauxite(aluminium) key info** ## Footnote 3 points.

Answer 29

* Usually classified by application * Vast majority is used as aluminium * Australia is 5% of production, china is 41% ## Footnote _{EAE 12bb}

Question 30

**Concrete/Cement info** ## Footnote 4 points.

Answer 30

* 2nd most consumed substance on the planet * 70% of the planet lives in structures made in part of concrete * Cement account for 4% Co2 production * Concrete is known to cause water stress ## Footnote _{EAE 12bc}

Question 31

**What are the drivers in resource consumption?** ## Footnote 3 points.

Answer 31

* Strive to improve quality of lifestyle * Trend towards consumerism * Population growth ## Footnote _{EAE 12bd}