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LPC 2020 S2 - EAE1012 - Earth Science 2 > EAE 09 Minerals > Flashcards

EAE 09 Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

How is Bauxite used?

A

Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite ore.

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2
Q

What are the Bulk commodities?

4 points.

A
  • Iron ore
  • Bauxite
  • Concrete
  • Coal

EAE 12aa

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3
Q

What are the three aspect resources?

3 points.

A
  • Bulk commodities
  • Base metals
  • Rare earth metals

EAE 12ab

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4
Q

What is Australia’s largest export?

A

Iron Ore is ⅓ of the world output.

EAE 12ac

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5
Q

Where is most of Australia’s iron ore produced?

A

94% of iron ore production is in Western Australia.

EAE 12ad

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6
Q

What are the Environmental impacts of mining?

4 points.

A

Contamination of

  • Soil
  • Sediments
  • Ground water
  • Atmosphere

EAE 12ae

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7
Q

What is Sequestration?

A

The use of minerals that are good at absorbing CO2.

EAE 12af

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8
Q

What are the different types of deposits?

4 points.

A
  • Sedimentary
  • Residual
  • Magmatic
  • Hydrothermal

EAE 12ag

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9
Q

What are Sedimentary deposits key features?

3 points.

A
  • Banded iron formations
  • Manganese nodules
  • Placer deposits

EAE 12ah

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10
Q

What are Residual deposits features??

3 points.

A
  • Main source of bauxite
  • Iron and Nickel
  • Rainwater leaching in tropical or subtropical environments

EAE 12ai

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11
Q

How do Magmatic deposits form?

3 points.

A
  • Magmatic crystallization
  • Separation of immiscible metallic liquid
  • Physical transport by magma

EAE 12aj

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12
Q

What do ore deposits need?

A

Ore deposits need tectonic activity and heat.

EAE 12ak

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13
Q

What advantages does deep exploration have for Australia?

A

Most major mineral deposits in Australia are buried.

EAE 12al

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14
Q

What do ore deposits need for formation?

A

Ore deposits need tectonic activity and heat.

EAE 12am

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15
Q

What is ‘Grade’?

A

The measure of the concentration of the mineral you want to mine.

EAE 12an

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16
Q

What is the Mineralogical barrier?

A

Concentration below which elements no longer form distinct bands.

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17
Q

What are the ingredients for Ore Deposits?

3 points.

A
  1. Source
  2. Transport mechanism
  3. Concentration mechanism

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18
Q

What are the stages in deposit formation?

4 points.

A
  • Energy and source
  • Transport
  • Deposition
  • Enrichment

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19
Q

What is the key information on Solar Photovoltaic?

3 points.

A
  • Cost reduced by 77%
  • Technology expected to reach price parity
  • Resources used B, Be, Ge, Ga, In, Te as well as Al, Ti, Zn, MG

EAE 12ar

20
Q

Key information Energy Storage

3 points.

A
  • Stores energy from generation Li-ion replacing lead ion
  • Li-ion battery tech rapidly changing
  • Li-ion require Li, Co, C, Ni , Manganese

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21
Q

Key info on rare Earth Elements

3 points.

A
  • Commonly found with uranium and thorium
  • Not very concentrated
  • China dominates production

EAE 12at

22
Q

Key info Nickel

5 points.

A
  • Australia is 13% of nickel production
  • 91% of Nickel production in Aus is in Western Australia
  • 80% nickel used in alloys
  • 3000 nickel alloys
  • It is predicted that there will be a supply issue with nickel

EAE 12au

23
Q

Precious metals key info

2 points.

A
  • Value driven by rarity
  • Mainly used by investors

EAE 12av

24
Q

Silver key info

3 points.

A
  • Best conductor of heat and electricity
  • Strong, malleable and ductile
  • 46% of silver is used in industrial allipeatiods

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25
Q

Gold info

4 points.

A
  • 3 parts per billion
  • Australia is second biggest producer after china
  • WA is 44% and SA is 25% of production
  • Welcome stranger is biggest nugget ever found

EAE 12ax

26
Q

Platinum group elements key info

3 points.

A
  • Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru
  • Elements of most significance are Pt, Pd, Rh
  • Australia is not a major in platinum production

EAE 12ay

27
Q

Zinc key info

3 points.

A
  • 52% is used for coating metals in the process called Galvanising
  • Australia has 28% of zinc deposits with biggest reserve is in North Australia
  • China consumes ⅔ of Zinc

EAE 12az

28
Q

Copper key info

5 points.

A
  • Transition metal used in electric cars and renewable energies
  • Copper is used in Magmatic, hydrothermal and sedimentary systems
  • Annual copper demand is 28 million tones
  • 35% of demand covered by recycling
  • Demand is rising

EAE 12ba

29
Q

Bauxite(aluminium) key info

3 points.

A
  • Usually classified by application
  • Vast majority is used as aluminium
  • Australia is 5% of production, china is 41%

EAE 12bb

30
Q

Concrete/Cement info

4 points.

A
  • 2nd most consumed substance on the planet
  • 70% of the planet lives in structures made in part of concrete
  • Cement account for 4% Co2 production
  • Concrete is known to cause water stress

EAE 12bc

31
Q

What are the drivers in resource consumption?

3 points.

A
  • Strive to improve quality of lifestyle
  • Trend towards consumerism
  • Population growth

EAE 12bd

LPC 2020 S2 - EAE1012 - Earth Science 2 (18 decks)

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