EAE 09 Minerals Flashcards
How is Bauxite used?
Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite ore.
What are the Bulk commodities?
4 points.
- Iron ore
- Bauxite
- Concrete
- Coal
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What are the three aspect resources?
3 points.
- Bulk commodities
- Base metals
- Rare earth metals
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What is Australia’s largest export?
Iron Ore is ⅓ of the world output.
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Where is most of Australia’s iron ore produced?
94% of iron ore production is in Western Australia.
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What are the Environmental impacts of mining?
4 points.
Contamination of
- Soil
- Sediments
- Ground water
- Atmosphere
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What is Sequestration?
The use of minerals that are good at absorbing CO2.
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What are the different types of deposits?
4 points.
- Sedimentary
- Residual
- Magmatic
- Hydrothermal
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What are Sedimentary deposits key features?
3 points.
- Banded iron formations
- Manganese nodules
- Placer deposits
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What are Residual deposits features??
3 points.
- Main source of bauxite
- Iron and Nickel
- Rainwater leaching in tropical or subtropical environments
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How do Magmatic deposits form?
3 points.
- Magmatic crystallization
- Separation of immiscible metallic liquid
- Physical transport by magma
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What do ore deposits need?
Ore deposits need tectonic activity and heat.
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What advantages does deep exploration have for Australia?
Most major mineral deposits in Australia are buried.
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What do ore deposits need for formation?
Ore deposits need tectonic activity and heat.
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What is ‘Grade’?
The measure of the concentration of the mineral you want to mine.
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What is the Mineralogical barrier?
Concentration below which elements no longer form distinct bands.
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What are the ingredients for Ore Deposits?
3 points.
- Source
- Transport mechanism
- Concentration mechanism
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What are the stages in deposit formation?
4 points.
- Energy and source
- Transport
- Deposition
- Enrichment
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What is the key information on Solar Photovoltaic?
3 points.
- Cost reduced by 77%
- Technology expected to reach price parity
- Resources used B, Be, Ge, Ga, In, Te as well as Al, Ti, Zn, MG
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Key information Energy Storage
3 points.
- Stores energy from generation Li-ion replacing lead ion
- Li-ion battery tech rapidly changing
- Li-ion require Li, Co, C, Ni , Manganese
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Key info on rare Earth Elements
3 points.
- Commonly found with uranium and thorium
- Not very concentrated
- China dominates production
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Key info Nickel
5 points.
- Australia is 13% of nickel production
- 91% of Nickel production in Aus is in Western Australia
- 80% nickel used in alloys
- 3000 nickel alloys
- It is predicted that there will be a supply issue with nickel
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Precious metals key info
2 points.
- Value driven by rarity
- Mainly used by investors
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Silver key info
3 points.
- Best conductor of heat and electricity
- Strong, malleable and ductile
- 46% of silver is used in industrial allipeatiods
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Gold info
4 points.
- 3 parts per billion
- Australia is second biggest producer after china
- WA is 44% and SA is 25% of production
- Welcome stranger is biggest nugget ever found
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Platinum group elements key info
3 points.
- Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru
- Elements of most significance are Pt, Pd, Rh
- Australia is not a major in platinum production
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Zinc key info
3 points.
- 52% is used for coating metals in the process called Galvanising
- Australia has 28% of zinc deposits with biggest reserve is in North Australia
- China consumes ⅔ of Zinc
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Copper key info
5 points.
- Transition metal used in electric cars and renewable energies
- Copper is used in Magmatic, hydrothermal and sedimentary systems
- Annual copper demand is 28 million tones
- 35% of demand covered by recycling
- Demand is rising
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Bauxite(aluminium) key info
3 points.
- Usually classified by application
- Vast majority is used as aluminium
- Australia is 5% of production, china is 41%
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Concrete/Cement info
4 points.
- 2nd most consumed substance on the planet
- 70% of the planet lives in structures made in part of concrete
- Cement account for 4% Co2 production
- Concrete is known to cause water stress
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What are the drivers in resource consumption?
3 points.
- Strive to improve quality of lifestyle
- Trend towards consumerism
- Population growth
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