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PGY > e4 > Flashcards

e4 Flashcards

1
Q

The terminal bronchiole would
=contain lots of surfactant
-be part of the conducting zone
-contain alveoli
-have a diameter greater than the bronchi

A

BE PART OF THE CONDUCTING ZONE

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2
Q

Movement of air through the alveolar duct into the alveoli occurs by

A

DIFFUSION

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3
Q

Which pressure would be the least at the end of inspiration
-alveolar intrapulmonary pressure
-mouth pressure
-intrapleural pressure
-atmospheric pressure

A

INTRAPLEURAL PRESS

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4
Q

Total lung capacity=

A

Vital capacity + residual volume

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5
Q

Smoking causes lung damage which leads to tissue loss which can result in
-decreased compliance
-decreased alveolar surface area
-increased elastin

A

DECREASE in alveolar SA

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6
Q

If resp frequency is 20 breaths/min, tidal volume is 600mL anddead space is 150 mL, alveolar ventilation is

A

9 L

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7
Q

At sea level in a hot and humid place the partial P of O2 in the ALVEOLAR air of a healthy person is

A

about 100 mmHG

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8
Q

Which brain region is important for conscious control of breathing
subcortical
medulla oblongata
cerebral cortex
pons

A

Cerebral cortex

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9
Q

Structure of the lung facilitates the rate of gas exchange between the alveoli and blood by
Maintaining a high partial pressure of O2 in alveolus
Increasing surface area
Decreasing the thickness of the alveolar/capillary membrane

A

all of the above

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10
Q

Fibrosis of the lung
decreases lung compliance
increases lung compliance
increases airway resistance
decreases the airway resistance

A

decreases lung compliance

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11
Q

Which is an example of RESTRICTIVE pulmonary lung disease
black lung
copd
emphysema
asthma

A

black lung

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12
Q

Gases move between air and blood by
diffusion
primary active transport
facilitated diffusion
secondary active transport

A

diffusion

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13
Q

Pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the __ pressures each gas exerts independently

A

sum

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14
Q

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is determined by
temp
partial pressure of the gas
solubility
all

A

all of the above

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15
Q

a right shift in oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve means…
hemoglobin affinity for oxygen decreases
hemoglobin affinity for oxygen increases
hemoglobin saturation goes above 100%
oxygen cannot bind to hemoglobin

A

hemoglobin affinity for oxygen DECREASES

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16
Q

Fetal hemoglobin has a > affinity for O2 than adult hemoglobin, the disassociation curve is
shifted left
or right

A

left

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17
Q

Most of the co2 in blood is transported as

A

HCO3-

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18
Q

Which of the following is most likely decreasing alveolar PO2
pulmonary edema
asthma attack
anemia

A

asthma attack

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19
Q

Sleep apnea (obstructive!) might cause dropped PO2 by decreasing
alveolar po2
ambient po2
hemoglobin levels
aerobic respiration

A

Alveolar po2

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20
Q

The __ increases linearly with exercise intensity

A

heart rate

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21
Q

Blood flow to __- is similar at rest and exercise

A

kidney

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22
Q

The enzyme associated with renal function and control of water and salt balance

A

RENIN

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23
Q

What is TRUE of the loop of henle?
the ascending limb reabsorbs NaCl
The descending limb is permeable to water and the descending limb is impermeable to NaCl
The ascending limb is impermeable to water
All

A

all of the above

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24
Q

The ascending limb of loop of henle reabsorbs

A

NaCl

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25
Q

The descending limb of the loop of henle is permeable to

A

WATER

26
Q

The ascending limb of loop of henle is impermeable to

A

WATEr

27
Q

The descending limb is impermeable to what compound

A

NaCl

28
Q

GFR is increased by dilation of the _ arteriole and constriction of the __ arteriole

A

Afferent (dilation) Efferent (constriction)

29
Q

as blood flows through the glomerular capillaries, the oncotic pressure ___

A

increases

30
Q

as blood flows through the peritubular capillaries the oncotic pressure will __

A

decrease

31
Q

If a substance has a molecular weight greater than 10000 Da and it appears in urine it is ___ but not ___

A

secreted but not filtered

32
Q

A normal dehydrated person would have tonicity related as

A

Loop of henle> glomerular capillary

Glomerular capsule
=
Proximal tubule > distal convoluted tubule < collecting duct

33
Q

Which is true
About 10% of ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed
Most reabsorption occurs paracellularly
About 50% of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillary is filtered into the glomerular capsule
Water reabsorption from the collecting duct is regulated by ADH effects

A

Water reabsorption from the collecting duct is regulated by ADH effects

34
Q

Majority of water and sodium is reabsorbed in the

A

PCT

35
Q

Pathway of ultrafiltrate/urine to be excreted goes
Glomerular capsule–nephron–___ ___–___–___–___

A

renal pelvis – ureter–bladder–urethra

36
Q

BP from highest to lowest
Renal aa> interlobar aa> ___ _____ > ____ ____> ____ ____> peritubular capillaries> interlobular vv> renal vein

A

Afferent aa> glomerular capillaries> efferent aa

37
Q

A decrease in the BP below 70 mmHg will cause ___ of the afferent arteriole

A

VASODILATION

38
Q

Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole will likely ___ the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

INCREASE

39
Q

A DECREASE in glomerular filtration rate is caused by ___ of the efferent arteriole

A

VASODILATION

40
Q

Which of the following pressures FAVORS net glomerular filtration
Colloid osmotic in the plasma
Blood hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary
Fluid hydrostatic pressure in bowmans space

A

Blood hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary

41
Q

Which of the following substances is not normally filtered by the nephron
RBCs
Glucose
Electrolytes
Amino acids

A

RBCS

42
Q

Obligatory water loss for a human is around 20 L per day T/F

A

False

43
Q

Excretion is the process of moving substances from blood into the nephron tubule lumen T/F

A

False

44
Q

Approximately 50% of the daily ultrafiltrate produced is excreted as urine T/F

A

False

45
Q

Which cell types forms the filtration slits in the glomerulus
Sympathetic nerves
Vascular smooth mm cells
Podocytes

A

Podocytes

46
Q

The ultrafiltrate is formed in this part of the nephron
Bowmans (glomerular) capsule
Collecting duct
Glomerular capillary
Proximal convoluted tubule

A

BOWMANS

47
Q

Almost all of the filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the
glomerular capsule
distal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule
ascending loop of henle

A

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

48
Q

If aldosterone is presetn, K+ is secreted in the
ascending loop of henle
medullary collecting duct
proximal convulated tubule
distal convuluted tubule

A

DCT

49
Q

Normally 2/3rd of the filtered Na+ is reabsorbed at this part of the nephron
dct
pct
cortical collecting duct
medullary collecting duct

A

proximal convuluted tubule

50
Q

If the renal transport threshold for glucose is not exceeded then it will ___

A

almost all be reabsorbed

51
Q

High intensity exercise increase arterial ____ to cause __

A

[H+] hyperventilation

52
Q

Which of the following about water distribution in the body is false
most of the water is intracellular
20% of the tbw is extracellular water
there is more water in the interstitial fluid than in plasma
40% of the TBW is water

A

40% of the TBW is water

53
Q

The kidney regulates all of the following except;
concentration of electrolytes in plasma
synthesis of RBCs
ph of Plasma
synthesis of plasma protein albumin

A

synthesis of plasma protein albumin

54
Q

Which is true
the kidneys receive 20-25% of cardiac output
internal urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal mm
activation of somatic motor neurons causes rhythmic bladder contractions
external urethral sphincter is made of smooth muscles

A

the kidneys receive 20-25% of cardiac output

55
Q

tidal volume

A

gas volume inspired or expired in unforced breathing cycle

56
Q

reserve volumes are ___ and in addition to ___ ___

A

forced tidal volume

57
Q

vital capacity

A

max gas expired after maximum inspiration

58
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

max amount inspired after normal tidal expiration

59
Q

At rest, the intrapleural pressure is always _______ than the atmospheric pressure

A

less

60
Q

which gas has the biggest increase in alveolar partial pressure when compared to that found in warm humid atmospheric air?
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
oxygen
water vapor

A

CO2

61
Q

lung compliance is likely to be decreased by
increased fibrosis
fewer t1 epithelial cells
more t2 epithelial cells
release of surfactant

A

increased fibrosis

PGY (2 decks)

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