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E3-E6 > E3-E6 > Flashcards

E3-E6 Flashcards

1
Q

Combustion

A

releasing the energy stored in GAS COAL OR FOOD

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2
Q

What does combustion require? release? products

A

OXYGEN

ENERGY! (EXOTHERMIC0

CO2 AND H2O

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3
Q

What happens during combustion to original chem bonds

A

ORIG BONDS ARE BROKEN
ATOMS ARE RE-ARRANGED
NEW CHEM BONDS ARE FORMED

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4
Q

Which bonds are in high energy? which are low in energy?

importance

A

C-H in high energy
C-O and H-O in low energy

The potential energy of products IS LOWER than potential energy of reactants

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5
Q

forms of energy in combustion reaction

A

Radiant Energy! (HEAT AND LIGHT FROM FLAME)

Kinetic energy (increases due to temp)

Kinetic energy transferred as heat (warm-> cool)

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6
Q

Heat of Combustion

A

Amount of energy releassed when something burns

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7
Q

Heat of combustion in
exothermic
endowthermic

A

NEGATIVE!!!!!!!!!!!! (-_)

POSITIVE!!!!!!!!!!!!!(_/-)

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8
Q

fIRST LAW OF THERMO

A

Energy cant be creaated or destroyed-> energy changed? lost to surroundings

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9
Q

how to assess energy in a chemical reacction

A

CALORIMETER

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10
Q

Calorimeter in water

A

Energy is transferred as heat to surrounding water

be recording temp change of water w a thrermomenter! you can get the energy that was transferred

IT IS CRUDE

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11
Q

How to make advanced calorimeter

A

INSULATION!

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE STANDARD HEAT OF FORMATION

A

ENERGY CHANGE FOR THE FORMATION OF A COMPROUND FROM ITS ELEMENTS IN standard comdition

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13
Q

heat of formation for an element

A

ZERO

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14
Q

Hess’s Law

A

∆ r H = ∑n∆ f H° products – ∑n∆ f H° reactants

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15
Q

What does the hess formula work for

A

ANY REACTION

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16
Q

hOW TO USE HESSs Law

A
  1. Know Products-Reactants
  2. Re write the formula and REMEMBER MOLS
  3. Expand with compound heat of formation
  4. Simplify both sides
  5. Subtract and CHECK AGAIN
  6. Does it make sense to get positive or negative answer? ENDO OR EXO
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17
Q

How to get energy per mole

A

DIVIDE BY MOLS

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18
Q

What does nucleus contain

A

Protons + and Neutrons (neutral)

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19
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons

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20
Q

Mass number

A

PROTONS-#NEUTRONS

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21
Q

A mid X

Z

A 
X= element symbol
A= mass number (protons+neutrons)
Z= atomic number (protons)
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22
Q

How to calculate neutrons!

A

Mass- protons

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23
Q

Isotope
neutrons?
protons?
sO WHAT CHANGES DURING NUCLEAR NOTATION

A

Version of an element with diff # of neturons

SAME # OF PROTONS (bc if not they wouldnt be same element)

The atomic # should be same, but mass number be different in isotopes!

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24
Q

beryllium 9 location

A

9

4

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25
Q

beryllium 9 location

A

9 Be

4

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26
Q

Nuclear force

A

attractive force between protons-neutrons and neutrons-neutrons

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27
Q

electrical force

A

repulsivee force between protons (LIKE FORCE REPEL)

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28
Q

What makes nuceleus stable

low neutrons?

A

Neutrons lessen repulsive force between protons (glue)

RADIOACTIVE DECAY BC NUCLEUS UNSTABLE

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29
Q

Radioactive decay

A

A spontaneous chane in which an unstable nucleus emits radiation

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30
Q

What are the 3 types of radiation

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

31
Q

Alpha Decay

A

NUCELUS BRAKS AND GIVES ALPHA PARTICLES

A

32
Q

Alpha Particles (WHICH ELEMENT?)

A

are nuclei that c ontain 2 portons and 2 neutrons with charge 2+!!!!

THEY CONTAIN HELIUM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

33
Q

ALPHA DECAY

A
  1. KNOW THAT ATOMIC NUMBER AND MASS NUMBER HAS TO REMAIN THE SAME
  2. Helium! 4H2
  3. Subtract the top and btottom numbers until they are even!
34
Q

Beta Decay

A

Nucleus breaking down to give beta particles stream

35
Q

What are beta particles represented as

A

ELECTRONS!!! 0E-1

36
Q

How to rperesent electrons in beta decay

A

CHECK SCI 30 BOOK

37
Q

Gamma Decay

A

-EMR! NO MASS OR CHARGE

38
Q

How to do gamma decay questions?

A

ALL NUMBERS MUST EQUAL INITIAL !

39
Q

ALPHA BETA AND GAMMA ARE ALL WHAT?

A

IONIZING PARTICLES!

40
Q

Alpha beta gamma

  • easiest to shield?
  • which go through dense materials?
  • hardest to sheild?
A

ALPHA BC LARGEST

BETA!

GAMMA needs concrete etc

41
Q

Fusion- energy?STARS

A

Joining of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus!

YES IT DOES RELEASE ENERGY IN THE PROCESS

FUSION IS HOW STARS ARE CREATED

42
Q

fUSION HAPPENS WHERE?

A

STARS

43
Q

What does fusion require!

A

High temp
high pressure

Called Hot fusion

44
Q

Cold fusion

A

If fusiion could happen at lower temp we could use for energy

45
Q

Deuteriukm

A

Foundin seawater can enable cold fusion- make it renewable source of energy

46
Q

Fission

A

TO BREAK APART

SPLLITTI8NG OF ONE NUCLEUS TO FORM SMALLER NUCLEI WHILE RELEASING ENERGY!

47
Q

WHERE WAS FISSIONO RIGNATED

A

Atomic bombs

48
Q

CANDU

A

Canadian Deuterium Uranium
ReactoR

Nuclear reactor that gen electricity!

49
Q

NUCLEAR PROCESSES

A

Kinetic energy of products heats water
 high pressure steam  turns turbines
 spin generators  produce electricity

50
Q

How to refuce electricity output?

A

Put in Less fuel! ! it is the three neutrons that are produced after the U-235 reaction that go onto produce more fission reactions

CONTROL THOSE NEUTRONS THAT KICK START THOSE REACTIONS!!!

51
Q

What is a chain reaaction?

A

Uncontrolled fisison releases energy so rapidly (leads to nuclear meltdown)

52
Q

Control rods

A

These rods absorb neutrons! rhwy CONTROL THE RATE OF A FISSION REACTION

raising control rods (faster reaction)
lowering rods (slower reactions)
53
Q

How to slow down neutrons

How to contrl

A

Heavy water w deuterium (moderator to slow neutrosn)

CONTROL RODS!

54
Q

WHAT SLOWS NEUTRONS DOWN

A

HIGHER DENSITY OF HEAVY WATER!!!! (containign deuterium)

55
Q

nuclear waste

storage

A

u-235 fision creates ionizing radition for years!

  • first stored in water for a few years (war=ter absorbs thermal energy and sheilds radiation)
  • then moved to concrete cansiters above ground
56
Q

how can small pellet of uranium be equal to so much fossil fuels

A

Einstein: mass can be converted into energy!

57
Q

\when mass changes between reactants and products?

A

result of mass being conveted to energy

58
Q

what commodity cant be created or destroyed?

A

ENERGY!

59
Q

Change in mass change ine ernegy formula?

A

E=MC^2

60
Q

What does E=MC^2 MEAN

A

ANy change in mass= mass converted to energy!

61
Q

E=MC^2 what is M

so if M disappears?

A

Sum of kinetic potential and mass ernegy!

it became enrguy!

62
Q

e=mc^2 what is e

A

change in energy!

63
Q

How to calc change in mass between reactants and product?? fr

A

PRODUCDTS-REACTANTS

64
Q

How to tell if energy reaction exo or endo? fr

A

if it is negative

65
Q

What must you awlays watch out for

A

MOLS!

66
Q

What is nucleons or mass number

A

Neutrons+protons

67
Q

what changes in nuclear notation

A

the mass number (top numver)

BOTTOM STAYS THE SAME

68
Q

Fission reaction trade mark

A

one thing splits into 3/4

69
Q

What does fission create

A

2 NUCLEI AND 3 NEUTRONS

70
Q

WHAT IS CANDU

A

FISSION@

71
Q

FUSION REACTION

A

Two things come together!

72
Q

do nuclear plants create particualtesq

A

NO!

73
Q

MOST ENERGY REACTIONS

A

E=MC2

E3-E6 (1 decks)

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