E2L21-22, Bone Tumors Pathoma Flashcards
Describe Gardner Syndrome
Condition involving: Familial Adenopolyposis, fibromatosis, facial osteomas
What benign tumor arises on the surface of facial bones?
Osteoma
What benign tumor appears in young adults, in the diaphysis cortex of long bones, and the assoc. pain resolves with aspirin?
Osteoid osteoma
What does an osteoid osteoma look like on a radiograph?
Radiolucent mass surrounded by a rim of reactive bone
What differentiates an osteoblastoma from an osteoid osteoma?
Osteoblastoma is: larger (over 2cm), found in vertebrae, pain doesn’t respond to aspirin
Patient presents with benign tumor in vertebrae and pain doesn’t resolve with aspirin. Diagnosis?
Osteoblastoma
Describe the most common benign tumor of bone
Osteochondroma
This is a lateral projection of growth plate causing a tumor of bone that is capped by cartilage
What is a potential complication of osteochondroma?
Transformation into a malignant tumor called chondrosarcoma
What bone tumor has a peak incidence in teens and the elderly and what risk factors are present for each age group?
Osteosarcoma
Teens: familial retinoblastoma
Elderly: Paget’s of bone, radtiation
Where do osteosarcomas tend to develop in the body and what are some radiographic findings?
Metaphysis of long bones-generally around the knee
Radiograph: Codman’s triangle= periosteum being pulled off the bone as the tumor protrudes out of the bone creates a triangle of new bone growth
Patient fractures humerus and on x-ray a tumor is found and Codman’s triangle is seen. Diagnosis?
Osteosarcoma
Characteristics of an osteosarcoma
Peak incidence teens and elderly
Malignant
Metaphysis of long bones
Codman’s triangle
What is the only bone tumor to present in the epiphysis?
Giant cell tumor
Young adult presents with tumor around the knee. Radiograph shows soap-bubble looking bone in the epiphysis. Diagnosis?
Giant cell tumor
Characteristics of Giant cell tumor
Made of multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells
Young adults, epiphysis, soap bubble appearance, locally aggressive
Knee area
Tumor derived from neuroectoderm
Ewing sarcoma
Young male patient has tumor in diaphysis of long bone that has onion-skin appearance on x-ray. Diagnosis?
Ewing sarcoma
Describe the features of a Ewing Sarcoma
Malignant proliferation of poorly differentiated neuroectoderm cells
Diaphysis (medulla) of long bones of male kids
Onion-skin appearance on x-ray
What other diseases is Ewing Sarcoma often confused with and why and how can they be differentiated?
On histo, Ewing has small round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes. Often confused with osteomyelitis and lymphoma
Differentiate by 11:22 translocation in ES cells
Where do cartilage bones usually form?
In the medulla of the bone
Benign tumors are found in the small bones of the hands and feet
Malignant tumors are found in the central skeleton
Patient has a tumor in the metacarpals, what is it likely to be?
Chondroma
Benign tumor of cartilage often found in the hands and feet
Malignant tumor of cartilage found in the pelvis
Chondrosarcoma
Often found in the central skeleton but still in the medulla of the bone
How do most metastatic bone lesions look and what is a notable exception?
Bone metastases are more common than primary bone tumors
Usually look like punched out lesions (osteolytic lesions)
Exception is prostate cancer metz as these produce osteoblastic lesions where bone is laid down at the site of metz
