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Surgery > E2- Periodontal dz and cleaning > Flashcards

E2- Periodontal dz and cleaning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common oral dz?

A

periodontal disease

present in >70-85% of dogs and cats over 3 years of age

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2
Q

What is the number 1 cause of tooth loss?

A

periodontal disease

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3
Q

Periodontal disease is more common now due to?

A

diet

malocclusion

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4
Q

Etiology of periodontal dz

A
  • pellicle- a thin layer of salivary proteins on the surface of the tooth to which bacteria attach- forms quickly
  • plaque bacteria
  • periodontal pockets
  • calculus
  • gingivitis
  • periodontitis
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5
Q

What is plaque?

A

combo of bact, food, debris, oral epithelial cells and mucin

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6
Q

Plaque bacteria

A

initially gram +, aerobic, non motile cocci

later gram -, anaerobic rods, and spirochetes

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7
Q

What is calculus?

A

mineralized plaque containing bacteria which release endotoxins that cause gingivitis

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8
Q

Is gingivitis reversible?

A

yes with proper treatment

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9
Q

List some dz that exacerbate periodontal dz

A

neutrophil dysfunction

diabetes mellitus

hyperadrenocorticism

autoimmune dz

feline viral dz- esp Calcivirus

xerostomia= no saliva

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10
Q

Peridontal dz can be implicated in the formation of what other dz

A

chronic nephritis

hepatopathies

endocarditis

all from chronic showering of bact into circulation

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11
Q

Is peridontitis reversible?

A

no- irreversible but controllable

gingival resection, destructionof periodontal ligament, bone loss, mobility

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12
Q

Clinical signs of peridontal disease

A

halitosis

accumulation of plaque and tartar

inflamed or bleeding gingiva

excessive salivation

loose teeth

decreased appetite (uncommon)

oral discomfort

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13
Q

Stages of periodontal dz: based on several criteria like?

A

gingival appearance

sulcus depth

attachment loss

furcation exposure

tooth mobility

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14
Q

Attachement loss- measures the amount of

A

overall tissue loss.

while gingival recession measures the apical migration of the free gingival margin from the cemento-enamel junction, a pocket may also be present

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15
Q

How do we calculate the amount of attachment loss?

A

the recession measurement PLUS pocket depth

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16
Q

The periodontal index is the amount of attachment loss compared to?

A

the normal length espressed as a percentage

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17
Q

Periodontal index and periodontal dz staging

A
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18
Q

Furcation exposure

A

bone exposure

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19
Q

Some degree of tooth mobility is normal and is referred to as ____ and represents the movement of a tooth w/in the periodontal ligament space

A

physiologic mobility

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20
Q

Tooth movement in excess of physioloic mobility is referred to ______

A

pathologica mobility

21
Q

Mobility staging

A
22
Q

Stage 0 normal

A

gingival tissue is firm and pink or pigmented

defined stipling

normal sulcus depth 1-3mm dogs, 0-1mm cats

23
Q

Stage 1- gingivitis :periodontal dz staging

A

erythema

gingival swelling- loss of knife like edge at gingival margin

gingiva bleed when probed

normal sulcus depth

reversible with proper treatment and home care

24
Q

Stage II- early peridontitis

A

gingiva bleed when probed

normal-hyperplastic gingiva

minor pockets/gingival recession

<25% attachment loss

peridontitis can be controlled but not reversed

25
Q

Stage III- moderate peridontitis

A

gingival hyperplasia +/- or recession, horizontal bone loss

25-50% attachment loss- moderate deep pocket formation, vertical bone loss, furcation exposure, slight to moderate mobility

26
Q

Stage IV- advanced periodontitis

A

gingival appearance- recession w/ horizontal bone loss, deep pocket depth w/ vertical bone loss

>50% attachement loss- furcation exposure, advanced tooth mobility, periapical lucency

extraction recommended

27
Q

Feline buccal bone expansion is an expression of ______ formation filled with granulation tissue and osteitis

A

vertical pocket formation

canine tooth- most common

28
Q

Treatment of periodontal dz

A

the goal of tx is to prevent development of new lesions at other sites and to prevent further tissue destruction at sites which are already affected

Objectives: remove biofilm, minimize attachment loss and pocket depth, maintain adequate attached gingiva (2-3mm)

29
Q

1 preventative method for periodontal dz

A

mechanical abrasion

30
Q

T/F: it is useful to start daily tooth brushing prior to professional therapy for periodontal dz

A

true

31
Q

How long does it take for animals to get used to tooth brushing?

A

4 weeks

32
Q

T/F: antibiotic cure periodontal dz

A

FALSE

33
Q

T/F: bacteria in a biofilm (plaque) can be treated with antibiotics

A

FALSE- amazingly well protected from antibiotics and disinfectants

34
Q

Antibiotic therapy for periodontal dz

A
35
Q

Spring loaded mouth gag/oral speculum warning

A

opening mouth fully may compress maxillary artery causing ischemic injury

36
Q
A

Scaler

pointed tip, two cutting surfaces

work away from sulcus

never use sharp tip below gingval margin

37
Q
A

curettes

rounded tip and back w/ flat face

only one cutting edge

used for subgingival calculus removal and root cleaning

more delicate than scaler

38
Q
A

periodontal probe

used to measure sulcus depth

39
Q
A

periodontal explorer

sharp point to assess pulp cavity and caries

40
Q
A

calculus removal forceps

it is possible to damage teeth if not used properly

41
Q

Ultrasonic scalers

A

electrical current converted to mechanical vibrations at tip

need to use light touch

water reduces risk of thermal damage

42
Q

Calculus index

A
43
Q

Gingival index

A
44
Q

Subgingival calculus removal is a ____

A

critical step

use both hand curette and ultrasonic scaler

45
Q

When tooth is dry, we can see what more easily?

A

calculus- drying teeth ensures we didnt miss any calculus

46
Q

T/F: polishing teeth is optional in a dental cleaning

A

FALSE- ESSENTIAL

apply pressure to flare out rubber cup

47
Q

When doing periodontal probing, probe how many spots?

A

at least 4

48
Q

Why do we check for deep pockets on palatal surface of maxillary canines?

A

small dogs- commonly enter the nasal cavity

49
Q

T/F: rads are optional

A

FALSE

essential

Surgery (15 decks)

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