E2- Periodontal dz and cleaning

Question 1

What is the most common oral dz?

Answer 1

periodontal disease

present in >70-85% of dogs and cats over 3 years of age

Question 2

What is the number 1 cause of tooth loss?

Answer 2

periodontal disease

Question 3

Periodontal disease is more common now due to?

Answer 3

diet

malocclusion

Question 4

Etiology of periodontal dz

Answer 4

• pellicle- a thin layer of salivary proteins on the surface of the tooth to which bacteria attach- forms quickly
• plaque bacteria
• periodontal pockets
• calculus
• gingivitis
• periodontitis

Question 5

What is plaque?

Answer 5

combo of bact, food, debris, oral epithelial cells and mucin

Question 6

Plaque bacteria

Answer 6

initially gram +, aerobic, non motile cocci

later gram -, anaerobic rods, and spirochetes

Question 7

What is calculus?

Answer 7

mineralized plaque containing bacteria which release endotoxins that cause gingivitis

Question 8

Is gingivitis reversible?

Answer 8

yes with proper treatment

Question 9

List some dz that exacerbate periodontal dz

Answer 9

neutrophil dysfunction

diabetes mellitus

hyperadrenocorticism

autoimmune dz

feline viral dz- esp Calcivirus

xerostomia= no saliva

Question 10

Peridontal dz can be implicated in the formation of what other dz

Answer 10

chronic nephritis

hepatopathies

endocarditis

all from chronic showering of bact into circulation

Question 11

Is peridontitis reversible?

Answer 11

no- irreversible but controllable

gingival resection, destructionof periodontal ligament, bone loss, mobility

Question 12

Clinical signs of peridontal disease

Answer 12

halitosis

accumulation of plaque and tartar

inflamed or bleeding gingiva

excessive salivation

loose teeth

decreased appetite (uncommon)

oral discomfort

Question 13

Stages of periodontal dz: based on several criteria like?

Answer 13

gingival appearance

sulcus depth

attachment loss

furcation exposure

tooth mobility

Question 14

Attachement loss- measures the amount of

Answer 14

overall tissue loss.

while gingival recession measures the apical migration of the free gingival margin from the cemento-enamel junction, a pocket may also be present

Question 15

How do we calculate the amount of attachment loss?

Answer 15

the recession measurement PLUS pocket depth

Question 16

The periodontal index is the amount of attachment loss compared to?

Answer 16

the normal length espressed as a percentage

Question 17

Periodontal index and periodontal dz staging

Answer 17

Question 18

Furcation exposure

Answer 18

bone exposure

Question 19

Some degree of tooth mobility is normal and is referred to as ____ and represents the movement of a tooth w/in the periodontal ligament space

Answer 19

physiologic mobility

Question 20

Tooth movement in excess of physioloic mobility is referred to ______

Answer 20

pathologica mobility

Question 21

Mobility staging

Answer 21

Question 22

Stage 0 normal

Answer 22

gingival tissue is firm and pink or pigmented

defined stipling

normal sulcus depth 1-3mm dogs, 0-1mm cats

Question 23

Stage 1- gingivitis :periodontal dz staging

Answer 23

erythema

gingival swelling- loss of knife like edge at gingival margin

gingiva bleed when probed

normal sulcus depth

reversible with proper treatment and home care

Question 24

Stage II- early peridontitis

Answer 24

gingiva bleed when probed

normal-hyperplastic gingiva

minor pockets/gingival recession

<25% attachment loss

peridontitis can be controlled but not reversed

Question 25

Stage III- moderate peridontitis

Answer 25

gingival hyperplasia +/- or recession, horizontal bone loss 25-50% attachment loss- moderate deep pocket formation, vertical bone loss, furcation exposure, slight to moderate mobility

Question 26

Stage IV- advanced periodontitis

Answer 26

gingival appearance- recession w/ horizontal bone loss, deep pocket depth w/ vertical bone loss \>50% attachement loss- **_furcation exposure_**, advanced tooth mobility, periapical lucency extraction recommended

Question 27

Feline buccal bone expansion is an expression of ______ formation filled with granulation tissue and osteitis

Answer 27

vertical pocket formation canine tooth- most common

Question 28

Treatment of periodontal dz

Answer 28

the goal of tx is to prevent development of new lesions at other sites and to prevent further tissue destruction at sites which are already affected Objectives: remove biofilm, minimize attachment loss and pocket depth, maintain adequate attached gingiva (2-3mm)

Question 29

#1 preventative method for periodontal dz

Answer 29

mechanical abrasion

Question 30

T/F: it is useful to start daily tooth brushing prior to professional therapy for periodontal dz

Answer 30

true

Question 31

How long does it take for animals to get used to tooth brushing?

Answer 31

4 weeks

Question 32

T/F: antibiotic cure periodontal dz

Answer 32

FALSE

Question 33

T/F: bacteria in a biofilm (plaque) can be treated with antibiotics

Answer 33

FALSE- amazingly well protected from antibiotics and disinfectants

Question 34

Antibiotic therapy for periodontal dz

Answer 34

Question 35

Spring loaded mouth gag/oral speculum warning

Answer 35

opening mouth fully may compress maxillary artery causing ischemic injury

Question 36

Answer 36

Scaler pointed tip, two cutting surfaces work away from sulcus never use sharp tip below gingval margin

Question 37

Answer 37

curettes rounded tip and back w/ flat face only one cutting edge used for subgingival calculus removal and root cleaning more delicate than scaler

Question 38

Answer 38

periodontal probe used to measure sulcus depth

Question 39

Answer 39

periodontal explorer sharp point to assess pulp cavity and caries

Question 40

Answer 40

calculus removal forceps it is possible to damage teeth if not used properly

Question 41

Ultrasonic scalers

Answer 41

electrical current converted to mechanical vibrations at tip need to use light touch water reduces risk of thermal damage

Question 42

Calculus index

Answer 42

Question 43

Gingival index

Answer 43

Question 44

Subgingival calculus removal is a \_\_\_\_

Answer 44

critical step use both hand curette and ultrasonic scaler

Question 45

When tooth is dry, we can see what more easily?

Answer 45

calculus- drying teeth ensures we didnt miss any calculus

Question 46

T/F: polishing teeth is optional in a dental cleaning

Answer 46

FALSE- **ESSENTIAL** apply pressure to flare out rubber cup

Question 47

When doing periodontal probing, probe how many spots?

Answer 47

at least 4

Question 48

Why do we check for deep pockets on palatal surface of maxillary canines?

Answer 48

small dogs- commonly enter the nasal cavity

Question 49

T/F: rads are optional

Answer 49

FALSE essential