Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 211 > E2 Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

E2 Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Altered immune response to an antigen

A

Hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypersensitivity response to environmental or exogenous antigens

A

Allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The protein part of the invading organism which is responsible for stimulating antibody production

A

Antigen / Allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Produced and released by B lymphocytes;
Carried to the attacking organism and binds with the antigen

A

Antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proteins which work together to assist the action of antibodies

A

Complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of B-lymphocytes

A

Memory - helps the body recognize the organism if it returns
Plasma - makes antibodies; attracted to a specific antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of T-cells

A

Memory - helps the body recognize the organism if it returns
Cytotoxic - release inflammatory substances that attack organisms
Suppressor - keep other t-cells in check, keep them from responding in the wrong way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

__________ are on pathogen cell surface.
____________ produced by __________ bind with the __________, resulting in the release of ___________ causing __________

A

Antigen
Antibodies
b-lymphocytes
antigen
chemical mediators
allergic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

allergic reactions characterized by IgE antibody action and a genetic predisposition

examples:
atopic dermatitis (eczema)
allergic rhinitis
asthma

A

Atopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 immunoglobulins/antibodies?

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which antibody is..
the most abundant
found in all bodily fluids
protects against bacterial and viral infections
only ones to cross the placenta to protect baby

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which antibody is…
found in mucous membranes, particularly the lining of respiratory passages, GI tract, as well as saliva and tears

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which antibody is…
mainly found in blood and lymph
first to fight a new infection

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which antibody is…
associated mainly with allergic reactions
found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which antibody is…
exists in small amounts in the blood
not really understood

A

IgD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

______ molecules bind to an allergen and trigger mast cells or basal cells

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity

A

Localized or Anaphylactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

Cytotoxic / [B]lood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune [C]omplex-Mediated

20
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

Delayed

21
Q

Which reaction is…
IgE mediated

Seen with:
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Allergic asthma
Hives

A

Type I Local

22
Q

Anaphylaxis is an …

A

acute systemic type 1 response that may result in shock and death

23
Q

What occurs in anaphylactic reactions with the release of histamine and other mediators

A

Vasodilation [hypotension]
Increased capillary permeability [angioedema]
Smooth muscle contraction
Bronchial constriction [dyspnea, stridor/wheezing]
Light-headedness
Itching

24
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hypovolemic Shock

A

Tachycardia
Decreased LOC - confusion, restlessness, lethargic
Diaphoresis - vasodilation (cool and clammy)
Pallor

Low BP is a late sign

25
Q

What is the priority during anaphylaxis?

A

Airway

26
Q

Which reaction is…
involves binding of IgG or IgM to a cell-bound antigen
result of the body mistakenly identifying blood cell as foreign
results in lysis of RBCs

Seen in:
Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic disease
Blood transfusion reactions
Thrombocytopenia

A

Type II Cytotoxic (Blood) Reaction

27
Q

Which reaction is…
results from the formation and deposition of IgG or IgM antibody-antigen immune complexes in the circulatory system
particularly susceptible to joints and kidneys

Seen in:
SLE
RA
Nephritis

A

Type III Immune Complex Reaction

28
Q

Which reaction is …
a cell-mediated immune response
triggered by T-cells
occurs 1-3 days after exposure to an antigen
involves tissue damage
erythema and itching

Seen in:
Contact dermatitis
Graft-versus-host disease
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Type IV Delayed Reaction

29
Q

Diagnostic tests for allergic disorders

A

CBC with differential - eosinophils count elevated in allergic-type reactions
Total serum IgE - most common antibody in IgE reactions
Type & Crossmatch
Indirect Coombs [BEFORE]
Direct Coombs [AFTER]
Immune Complex and Compliment Assays - help identify type 3/C reactions
Skin tests (screen)

30
Q

What screening questions should be asked prior to skin testing?

A

Are you on any immunosuppressants?
Are you on any antihistamines?

31
Q

Which skin test consists of…
A drop of diluted allergenic extract placed on the skin
Skin is pricked through the drop
If hive or well after 10 mins = allergic

A

Skin Prick

32
Q

Which skin test consists of…
A small amount (enough to create a wheal) of diluted allergen extract injected into the forearm
If no response occurred at 15-20 minutes = NEGATIVE
Erythema and wheal > 5 mm = POSITIVE

A

Intradermal test

33
Q

Which skin test consists of…
A 1-in. patch impregnated with an allergen is applied to the skin for 48 hours.
Absence of a response = NEGATIVE
Mild (Erythema) / Severe (Erythema, papules, vesicles, ulcerations) = Positive

A

Patch test

34
Q

Which test consists of…
taken as a blood test
used if you do not want to reintroduce the allergen to the patient
tests for the amount of IgE antibodies in the blood
More IgE antibodies = POSITIVE

A

RAST (Radioallergosorbent test)

35
Q

Treatments of Allergies

A

Oxygen therapy
Medication [epinephrine - anaphylactic reactions]
Remove or withdraw allergen completely [stop infusion]

36
Q

Treatment of Type II reaction includes…

A

Management of bleeding [give blood] or renal failure [treat kidneys, monitor renal function]

37
Q

Treatment of Type III reactions includes…

A

Removal of the antigen and interruption of the inflammatory response

38
Q

Anaphylaxis Treatment

A

⭐️ IV epinephrine - open airways, ⬆️ BP, ⬆️ HR
IV fluids - give more volume, NS to prevent fluid shift
Antihistamines - IV benadryl
Corticosteroids - decrease inflammations
Bronchodilators - albuterol

39
Q

Epinephrine: dose, window, dose maximum?

A

(0.3-0.5mg) = 0.3 - 0.5 mL IM
Repeats q 10 to 20 min
Up to 3 doses

40
Q

Side Effects of epinephrine

A

tachycardia, hypertension, headache, anxiety, apprehension, palpitations, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and tremor

[think: working too well]

41
Q

Patients with _______________ reactions should be transported to the ___________ for __________ due to risk for ________-___________ after initial allergic reaction

A

anaphylactic
hospital
monitoring
rebound reaction

42
Q

How long should a patient be monitored for a rebound reaction?

A

4 to 10 hours

43
Q

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

A

Think: CHINDS
Clear watery discharge
Hoarseness & Headache
Itching - nasal, throat, soft palates
Nasal congestion
Dry Cough
Sneezing

44
Q

Allergic Rhinitis Treatments

A

First Gen Antihistamine - Benadryl
Second Gen - Zyrtec, Claritin, Allegra

Nasal and ophthalmic adrenergic agents:
Nasal Decongestants- phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine
Ophthalmic agents for eye irritation

Inhaled corticosteroids:
Beclomethasone (Beconase)
Fluticonase (Flonase)

Leukotriene Modifiers
Montelukast (singulair)

Mast Cell Stabilizers
Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom/ Intal)

45
Q

What is immunotherapy?
What
Used for
How
How often
Where

A

Allergy shots
Used for desensitization
Continuously exposing someone to a specific allergen to build up a tolerance
Weekly or bi-weekly basis
Most of the time given in doctor offices so they observe a reaction

NUR 211 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions