E2 - C11 Carbohydrates

Question 1

epimers

Answer 1

sugars that are diastereomers that only differ at a single asymmetric center are epimers

Question 2

how do aldoses form rings

Answer 2

aldehyde reacts with alcohol to form a hemiacetal called a pyranose

Question 3

how do ketoses form rings

Answer 3

ketones react with alcohol C5 or C6 to form a hemiketal called a furanose (5) or pyranose (6)

Question 4

anomers

Answer 4

a diastereoisomeric form of cyclic sugars

Question 5

alpha anomer

Answer 5

the hydroxyl of c1 is on the opposite side as c6

Question 6

beta anomer

Answer 6

the hydroxyl of c1 is on the same side as c6

Question 7

which is the dominant form of glocopyranose and why

Answer 7

beta-D-glucopyranose because all the axial positions are hydrogens

Question 8

what non-planar form does furanose take

Answer 8

envelope

Question 9

how does glucose react with oxidizing agents

Answer 9

It can react with Cu2+ reducing it to Cu+ while being oxidized to gluconic acid

Question 10

Sugars that react and become oxidized are called

Answer 10

reducing sugars

Question 11

glucose as a reducing sugar reacts with hemoglobin to form

Answer 11

glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C)(

Question 12

common reactants with monosaccharides

Answer 12

alcohols, amines, and phosphates

Question 13

glycosidic bond (O-glycosidic bond)

Answer 13

the bond between the anomeric carbon and the oxygen of an alcohol

Question 14

N-glycosidic bond

Answer 14

anomeric carbon linked to the nitrogen of an amine