E2 biochemical pathways and enzymes Flashcards
p53 pathway
cdk
M-cyclin
active /inactive M-cdk
Rb, E2F
CML
chromosome 9 and 22 crossover
white blood cell count very high
BCR-ABL
normal vs drug pathway
substrate binds to BCR-ABL
ATP binds to BCR-ABL
substrate’s tyrosine gets phosphorylated
leads to CML
with the drug, imatinib(gleevec) binds to BCR-ABL instead of ATP, no phosphorylation happens.
Tyrosine Kinase
dipolymerize
strands of PO4- groups.
MAPK pathway in gleevec.
where is VEGF-A sourced form
released by hypoxic cells that do not have enough oxygen
angioblasts
stem cells for angiogenesis, vascular formation
filopodia-how do they travel?
secretion of proteolytic enzymes to eat through the ECM(extracellular matrix). Have many VEGF-A receptors that cause
contraction of actin filaments in that direction, making them move towards the VEGF-A source.
filopodia-what happens when the source is reached?
The filopodia attach to the substratum and contract to pull the tip cell in that direction.
stalk cells
forms vacuoles that connect to construct a vascular tissue. Blood would flow through the vacuoles.
pericyte stabilization
after the vessels have been constructed, pericytes come to solidify the vessel
HIF-1alpha
alpha-beta tubulin
they both dimerize witj each other to form a protofilament that will be used in microtubules
what is treadmilling in microtubules
when both the + and the - ends reach Critical Concentration/when the loss of protofilaments at the - end is equal to the gain of protofilaments at the + end.
what is a catastrophe in microtubules?
Describe MTOCs
Microtubule organizing centers. These make microtubules grow out.
MAPs in microtubuls
microtubules associated proteins. Kinesin is good for transporting stuff towards +. Dynein transports towards - end
what is the kinesin walk
Myosin I and II
oligomers
alpha and beta tubulin or actin, that together for an oligomer. This process is known as nucleation. Oligomers come together to form filaments.
adherens junctions
uses actin, b-catenin,a-catenin, e-cadherin inbetween cadherins. b-catenin binds to membrane with high concentration of cadherin.
desmosomes
binds to the intermediate filament, and also uses cadherin
e-cadherin deficiency consequences?
enhances cell-crawling, leading to invasion of cells in ECM
permits beta-catenin to enter the nucleus as a transcription factor.
beta-cadherin
binds to e-cadherin for cell-cell interaction
helps with structure by having the e-cadherin/beta-cadherin couple with alpha-actinin attach to actin filaments, which are part of structure
It transverses to the nucleus to activate the Wnt pathway, when the junctions dont work correctly and the desmosomes detach, releasing beta-cadherin
