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Pharm 3 > E2: Asthma > Flashcards

E2: Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What innervation constricts and relaxes the lungs?

A

-Bronchioles are constricted by cholinergic innervation and relaxed b beta 2 innervation

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2
Q

What happens in emphysema?

A
  • Wall of the alveoli break down, so the few alveoli left become larger. Less surface area of gas exchange
  • Fibrosis and loss of elasticity makes it difficult to breath
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3
Q

How do Beta2 agonists help treat asthma?

A
  • Most widely used treatment for asthma

- B2 receptors increased cAMP, which relaxes airway smooth muscle and inhibits histamine release from mast cells

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4
Q

What are the B2 agonists used as rescue inhalers (SABA)?

A
  • Albuterol, levabuterol

- These act immediately to stop an attack in progress and last 4-6 hours

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5
Q

What kind of drug is Salmeterol?

A

Long acting B2 agonist for prevention and prophylaxis

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6
Q

What should LABAs always be combined with?

A

A steroid (advair)

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7
Q

What are the common side effects of B2 agonists?

A

-Tachycardia, nervousness, dizziness, tremor

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8
Q

What is the black box warning of LABAs?

A

May increase risk of asthma related death

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9
Q

What kind of drug is Ipratropium?

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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10
Q

What are the indicated for Ipratropium?

A
  • Useful for patients intolerant of B2 agonists
  • Used on COPD
  • Combined with albuterol
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11
Q

What is the MOA of Theophylline?

A
  • Increases cAMP, phosphodiesterase inhibitor
  • Blocks adenosine receptors
  • Results in relaxation of smooth muscle and stimulates CNS and heart
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12
Q

What are the side effects of theophylline?

A
  • Low therapeutic index
  • drug interaction with cimetidine
  • Nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, and tremor
  • Tachycardia and arrhythmias
  • Decreases diaphragm fatigue, increases contraction
  • Weak diuretic
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13
Q

What are the anti-inflammatory drugs used in asthma?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Leukotrienes inhibitors
  • Cromolyn sodium
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14
Q

How do corticosteroids treat asthma?

A
  • They decrease inflammation, reduce bronchial reactivity, improve response to beta agonist.
  • Inhaled steroids are becoming first line treatment
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15
Q

What are the side effects of inhaled or oral steroids?

A

-Oral candidiasis
-Hoarseness
-osteoporosis
-

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16
Q

What kind of drugs are Zileuton, Zafirlukast, and Monkelukast?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

17
Q

Which LTA inhibits 5-lipoxgenase?

A

Zileuton

18
Q

What are the side effects of LTAs?

A
  • Upper respiratory infections, sore throat, headache, abdominal pain, sleepiness
  • No effect on attack in progress
  • may allow decreased steroid dose
19
Q

What kind of drug is Omalizumab?

A

Monoclonal antibody receptor that may decrease the need for steroids and reduce asthma exacerbation

20
Q

What is the MOA of omalizumab?

A

-Monoclonal antibody to IgEs, high affinity Fc receptor, prevents binding of IgE to cells associated with allergic response and lowers free serum IgE concentrations

21
Q

What is the use of Omalizumab in asthmatics?

A

Moderate to severe allergic asthma

22
Q

What are the side effects of omalizumab?

A

Rash, injection site reactions, small decrease in platelets

23
Q

What is the MOA of Cromolyn sodium?

A

-Inhibit release of histamine from mast cells, not bronchodilators

24
Q

What are the 3 types of LABAs?

A
  • Salmeterol (Salmeterol/fluticasone)
  • Formoterol/mometasone or Formeterol/budesonide
  • Vilanterol/fluticasone
25
Q

What kind of drugs are ipratropuim and tiotropium?

A

Muscarinic antagonists

-Quaternary compounds widely used to treat COPD

26
Q

What drugs increase the clearance of theophylline?

A

Phenytoin, smoking, Rifampin, and oral contraceptives

27
Q

What drugs decrease the clearance of Theophylline?

A

Cimetidine

28
Q

What happens in Theophyline OD?

A
  • May be fatal due to arrhythmia

- moderate toxicity has headache, palpitations, dizziness, hypotension

29
Q

What ar the 5 ICS?

A

Beclomethasone, flunisolide, triamcinolone, fluticasone, and Budesonide

30
Q

What are the two oral steroids used for asthma?

A

Methylprednisolone and prednisone

31
Q

What are the common side effects of the inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Thrush, hoarseness, decreased bone density

32
Q

Can leukotriene inhibitors stop and asthma attack?

A

No, an inhaled B agonist would still be required

33
Q

When is benralizumab indicated for asthma?

A

For severe asthma with eosinophilic phenotype

34
Q

What are the common side effects of leukotriene inhibitors?

A

Headache, abdominal pain, slight increase in URIs, sore throat, sleepiness
-Possible psychiatric reactions like agitation, aggression, hallucinations, and nightmares

35
Q

What is the used of Leukotriene inhibitors in asthma?

A

-Inhibit early response to allergen, decrease asthmatic response to exercise or cold air, and decrease the need for steroids

Pharm 3 (20 decks)

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