E145 Limitations Flashcards
Required Flight Crew
Pilot, Co-pilot (Captain, First Officer)
What CFR parts is the EMB certified under?
Title 14 CFR Parts 25 and 36
Types of Operations
Day and Night
VFR and IFR
Flight in icing conditions
RVSM
Max differential pressure
8.1 psi
Auto Mode normal max differential pressure
7.8 psi
Maximum negative differential pressure
-0.3 psi
Max altitude for operation after an inflight depressurization is _______’ MSL unless MEA or other constraints require a higher altitude.
Max altitude when aircraft is dispatched for unpressurized flight is _______’
10,000’ MSL
10,000’
Max Allowable Airspeeds
Vmo/Mmo
320/.78
Max operating (KIAS 8000-10000’ MSL
Vmo
Red line
*increases linearly from 250 kts. at 8000’ to 320 kts. at 10000’
Do not deliberately exceed red line
Max Operating (KIAS) up to 8000’ MSL
Vmo
250
*Do not deliberately exceed Vmo/Mmo in any regime of flight
(climb, cruise or descent)
Max turbulence penetration
Vb/Mb
250/.63 (whichever is lower)
200 at or below 10000’
Va
200 KIAS
*Full application of rudder and ailerons, and maneuvers involving angle of attack near stall, must be confined to speeds below Va
Landing gear
Vloe
Vle
Vlor
Vloe: 250
Vle: 250
Vlor: 200
Flap speeds
9
18
22
45
9: 250
18: 200
22: 200
45: 145 (momentary excursions due to wind gusts/turbulence allowed up to 155 kts. with no crew or mx action required)
*steady state operation over 145 kts is not allowed and must be entered into the AML.
Max Wiper operating
160
Vmcg
V1 speeds are always greater than Vmcg
Vmca
Vr speeds are always higher than Vmca
Vmcl
Vref speeds are always higher than Vmcl
Max operating altitude
37000’
Minimum takeoff and landing pressure altitude
-1000’
Max takeoff and landing pressure altitude
8000’
Minimum takeoff and landing temperture
-40 C SAT
Max takeoff and landing temp (-1000’ PA)
52 C SAT
Max takeoff and landing temp (8000’ PA)
34 C SAT
In the event of a landing below ____ C SAT, the aircraft may not takeoff without further MX inspection
-40 C SAT
TAT in cruise flight above 25000’ is limited to ___ C
*momentary deviations up to ___ DO NOT require mx action
- 45 C TAT
- 50 C TAT
Minimum SAT in flight:
-65 C SAT
Icing conditions exist when the OAT is ___ or below AND visible moisture in any form is present. (clouds, fog with vis 1 mile or less, rain, snow, sleet, and ice crystals)
Icing conditions also exist when the OAT is ___ or below when operating on ramps, taxiways or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water or slush may be ingested by the engines, or freeze on engines, nacelles or engine sensor probes.
10 C
Icing conditions may exist whenever the Total air temp (TAT) is ___ or below AND visible moisture in any form is present. (clouds, fog with vis 1 mile or less, rain, snow, sleet, and ice crystals.
10 C
Min temp for manual anti-icing operation
-40 C
Max temp for manual anti-icing operation
10 C
Use ____air temp on the ground or for takeoff.
Use ___air temp for operations in flight.
Static (SAT)
Total (TAT)
True/False
There is no temp limitation for automatic anti-icing system operation.
True
Takeoff is prohibited when frost, snow, ice, or slush is adhering to the ___, ___, ___, ___, or ___.
Wings, control surfaces, stabilizers, Pitot static ports, AOA vanes
A ___” frost layer is permitted on the underwing surfaces.
Frost is not permitted on the lower or upper surface of the ___ or the upper surface of the ___.
1/8”
Frost is not permitted on the lower or upper surface of the horizontal stabilizer or the upper surface of the wing.
Automated performance anlayst procedures contained in the EMB AOM Vol 1 Performance section must be used when the runway is contaminated.
A runway is contaminated when:
MORE than 25% of the required field length, within the width being used is covered by:
More than 1/8” of standing water, slush, wet snow
More than 3/4” dry snow
Compacted snow
Ice
True/False
The APU bleed can be used as a pnuematic source for the anit-icing system.
False
Min engagement height for autoflight
500’
Min disengagement altitude for autoflight
Instrument approach (APR/NAV mode):
Visual approach (HDG or NAV)
MDA/DA/DH
Traffic pattern altiude (1500’ AFL)
True/False
Single engine go-around with the autopilot engaged is prohibited.
True
Approach mode selection during localizer capture is allowed only when:
Aircraft is inbound
Cat 1 ILS coupled go-around height loss may be ___’
95’
Yaw damper is not authorized for:
Takeoff to 500’ AFL
Landing
Minimum DH on Cat II approach
100’
Cat II ILS coupled go-around height loss may be ___’.
50’
Minimum altitude during a coupled CAT II ILS approach.
80’
Max tailwind during CAT II Approach
10 kts
Max crosswind during CAT II approach
15 kts.
Cat II approach and landing must be performed with what flap setting?
All CAT II approaches must be flown coupled to the autopilot to __?
22 degrees
DH
EICAS Version 20.5 will not display the green CAT 2 annunciator when the RA is set to 80’. If the approach plate shows RA 80’, round the RA setting up to ___’
85’
APU max operation altitude
37000’
APU max altitude for start
30000’
APU max start EGT
884 C
APU max continuous EGT
680 C
APU max rotor speed
104%
APU min start temp
-54 C
Min battery temp for APU start
There is no min battery temp when starting the APU via___
-20 C
External power
The APU continuous EGT may be exceeded up to ___ C for ___ min maximum.
717 C
5 min
APU Cooling period between 3 consecutive start attempts
APU cooling period between 2 series of 3 consecutive attempts
1 min off
30 min off
The aircraft must not be moved when the AHRS is in the ____ mode until all attitude and heading information presented on the ___ is displayed.
Initialization mode
PFD
The aircraft may not be operated within the North and South Magnetic Polor cut-out regions of ___ N and ___ S
70 degrees N
60 degrees S
True/False
Pilots are authorized to deviate from ATC clearances to extent necessary to comply with an EGPWS warning.
True
Does the EGPWS database, displays, and alerting algorithms account for manmade obstructions?
NO
When must the Terrain awareness alerting and display be inhibited? (TERR/OVRD)
- FMS in dead reckoning mode
- Before takeoff or within 15 nm of approach and landing at airport with longest runway less than 3500’
- Before takeoff or within 15 nm of approach or landing at airport with no published IAP
- Airort not in Honeywell database
- GPS 1 and 2 fail
Max load on main DC generator
400A
Max load on APU DC generator
up to 30000:
above 30000:
400A
300A
Max battery temp
70 C
Min battery temp for APU start
-20 C
Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System must be armed when?
EMB 145:
EMB 140:
EMB 145: takeoffs using ALT T/O-1
EMB 140: takeoffs using T/O or ALT T/O-1
Run each engine for a minimum of ___ at idle or taxi thrust before shutdown.
1 min
The minimum dispatch oil qty is __ qts before engine start or __ qts after engine start.
8 qts before start
7 qts after start
EMB 145 engine type
EMB 140 engine type
AE3007A1
AE3007A1/3
Rolls-Royce
Run the engines at idle or taxi thrust a minimum of __ min for cold engines and __ min for warm engines before applying takeoff thrust.
*An engine is considered cold if it has been shutdown for more than __ min
4 min cold engines
2 min warm engines
90 min
Prior to increasing N2 above 83%, the engine oil temp must be a minimum of ___ C
In lieu of this minimum oil temp limit, it is acceptable to run the engine for at least __ min and ensure the oil temp is in the ____ green range prior to advancing thrust for takeoff.
40 C
8 min, green range
Max ITT T/O-1 (145)
T/O RSV (140)
*__ min limit
948 C
5 min limit
Max ITT T/O-1 and T/O (140)
__ min limit
929 C
5 min limit
Max ITT ALT T/O-1
__ min limit
917 C
5 min limit
Max continuous ITT
*For use during OEI operation or emergency only
901 C
Max ITT engine start
800 C
Max N1 %
100%
N2 min and max
57% min
102.4% max
Oil pressure min and max
Green Range
50-110 psi
Oil temp min and max
Green Range
21-126 C
Vibration N1 and N2 Turbine limit
Green Range
May be exceeded up to top of amber range for 5 min during takeoff or go-around phases or 10 sec during other flight phases.
N1 and N2 vibration during any phase of flight in the amber range up to 1.5 IPS for less than 30 seconds does not require MX action.
True/False
True
Oil pressure and temp limits may be exceeded during starts if oil temp is below __ C.
Engine must remain at idle until the oil pressure is _____
21 C
In the green range
Min oil pressure below 88% N2
34 psi
Min oil pressure N2 at or above 88%: Operations between __ psi and __ psi is permitted during takeoff and go-around phases.
34 and 50 psi
Engines may operate in the amber range (oil pressure) up to __ psi for __ min in all thrust modes.
115 psi
5 min
Operations in the amber oil pressure range above __ psi up to __ psi is permitted for up to __ min.
115-155 psi
2 min
Total time in the amber oil pressure range may not exceed __ min
Any exceedance must be monitored and logged in the ___ by the crew.
5 min
Aircraft Maintenance Log
Min oil temp for start
-40 C
Min oil temp for takeoff
If oil temp is less, perform ___
40 C
Engine warmup
Max continuous starter operation time in flight
Is cool down time required during in-flight start attempt?
5 min ON
No
Max altitude for flap extension
20000 MSL
Authorized takeoff flap configurations are:
9, 18 (140) or 22 (145)
Max airspeed after takeoff during climb without retrimming
160 KIAS
Flight instruments:
Max/Min limits:
Caution, temporary or idle range
Normal Range
Advisory
Red
Amber
Green
Blue
Max duration of Integrated Standby Instrument System when operating on batteries.
The max duration of battery power can be extended up to __ min if the __ is turned OFF when not operating in Icing conditions.
40 min
45 min, Pitot 3 Sensor Heating Button
Can the aircraft be moved during ISIS power-up initialization?
Can you cage attitude in turning flight?
No
No
GPS approaches must be conducted in the FMS approach mode and GPS integrity monitoring or WAAS coverage must be available at the FAF as indicated to the pilot by the ____ amber annunciator being off and the ___ blue annunciator displayed on the PFD.
INTEG
APP
Universal FMS software version ____ or ____ (or later approved version) must be installed.
603.5 or 1001.1
Use of FMS guidance for conducting approaches is prohibited when the FMS is in what mode?
Dead reckoning mode
(DR annunciation on PFD)
What approaches are prohibited using FMS for guidance?
ILS, LDA, SDF, NDB and MLS
Transition segments to an ILS are OK
Once fully configured for an approach, can you retrieve messages from the FMS CDU?
NO
Local alerts on the PFD will alert the crew to a loss of RAIM or required approach scaling tolerances.
If the FMS database is expired, an ____ entry is required.
AML
Are pilot defined approaches allowed?
Is a Envoy special visual approach procedure considered a pilot defined approach?
NO
NO
Operating above ___ degrees North latitude and below ____ degrees latitude is prohibited due to unreliable magnetic heading.
73 degrees north
60 degrees south
If fuel does not contain an icing inhibitor, the temp of fuel leaving FCOC must be above ___C
4 C
Refer to E1 (2) FUEL LOW TEMP Procedure
XFEED shall be OFF during ____ and ____ during normal operations.
takeoff and landing
Max fuel imbalance
800 lbs
Total usable fuel (at 6.7 lb./gal.)
Total unusable fuel
11,100 lbs
78 lbs
All indicated fuel is _____
If any electric fuel booster pump is inop., the unusable fuel qty. in the associated wing increases by ____ lbs (____ lbs if both wings are affected) and should be added to the total release fuel.
Usable
365 lbs (730 lbs)
When performing pressure refueling, the total capacity in each tank may be reduced by ____ US gal. maximum.
13.2 US gal.
the 11,100 lb total usable fuel includes this calculation
Pressure for refueling
35-50 psi
Min fuel temp
Max fuel temp
-40 C
52 C
Holding configuration
Landing gear UP
Flaps UP
Min airspeed (icing conditions only) 200 KIAS
Do not operate the weather radar during…
refueling, near fuel spills or people,
STBY position is not considered operating
Thrust reversers are intended for use during _______ only. After initiating reverse thrust, a ____ must be made.
Rejected takeoff or landing
full stop
MAX reverse thrust MUST be used when?
Whenever stoping distance is deemed to be critical and its use will prevent runway excursion
When landing on runways with Medium or Poor braking action unless the appropriate landing distance penalty (flip cards) is applied
IDLE reverse MAY be used when?
Dry runways 7000’ or shorter usable length (LDA)
Non-dry runways where braking action is good
Circling approaches are not authorized when the weather is less than
3 miles vis
1000’ ceiling
Max demonstrated x-wind takeoff and landing
30 kts
Flaps up load limit
+2.5 g
-1 g
flaps down load limit
+2 g
0 g
runway slope for takeoff and landing is limited to
+2% to -2%
Max takeoff and landing tailwind component
10 kts
Max takeoff and landing weights may be further limited by:
Runway analysis data
Climb limited landing data
runway limited landing data
MEL/CDL requirements
EMB 145
C1 coat rod limit
floor limit
C4 limit
40 lbs
100 lbs
2646
the C4 horizontal net must be installed when the weight is above ____ lbs.
2182 lbs
EMB 140
C1 coat rod limit
C1 floor limit
C4 limit
40 lbs
100 lbs
2646 lbs
EMB 140
C2 coat rod limit
C2 Floor limit
C3 upper limit
C3 lower limit
20 lbs
30 lbs
40 lbs
60 lbs
N2 (%) min and max
57-102.4%
Thrust reverser use is PROHIBITED for:
Power-back operations
Taxi operations
Thrust levers stabilized in any intermediate position between IDLE reverse and MAXIMUM reverse
Acceptable Fuels
JET A
JET A-1
JP8
Starter limits On Ground:
Starting or Dry Motoring:
OR:
First to Fourth Cycles:
Following Cycles:
Up to 5 min ON, 5 min OFF
1 min ON, 1 min OFF
1 min ON, 5 min OFF
Pre-takeoff Tactile Check required when:
Holdover time is exceeded
When visual inspection does not indicate wing contamination and OAT is 5 or below AND:
1) There is visable moisture OR
2) Water is present on the wing OR
3) Difference b/n dewpoint and OAT is 3 degrees or less OR
4) Atmospheric conditions have been conducive to frost formation
Should be done during preflight is possible
