E1 - Week 09 - Chapter 9: Blood, Lymph, Immune System Flashcards
Antibody (Ab)
Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called antigen; also know as immunoglobulins (Igs)
Antigen
Substance, recognized as harmful to the host , that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual
Bile pigment
Substance derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver
cytokine
chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in the other cells
Immunocompetent
The ability to develop an immune response or recognize antigens and respond to them
Natural Killer (NK) Cells
Specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercultural fluids to leak out; provides a generalized defense and respond whenever a potentially dangerous or abnormal cell is encountered.
Jaundice
The yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and of the white of the eyes caused by elevated levels of the chemical bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
Plasma
A liquid medium which solid components (blood cells) are suspended; a clear almost colorless fluid
Erthrocyes
The most numerous of the circulating blood cells which develop a specialized iron-containing compound called hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb) carrying oxygen to body tissues and exchanges it for carbon dioxide
Where to blood cells form?
Blastic forms in the bone marrow of the skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, and ends, of the long bones of the arms and legs.
Define Hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis.
The development of blood cells to their mature form
Define Erythropoiesis.
The development of red blood cells (RBC)
How long do red blood cells (RBC) live?
120 days
Leukocytes
Protects the body from invasion by pathogens and foreign substances, remove debris from injured tissue, and aid in the healing process. Critical to the body’s defense against disease
Diapedesis
The passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation
What are two classifications for Leukocytes?
Granulocytes or Agranulocyes depending on whether their cytoplasm contains or lacks visible granules
Eosin Dye
A acidic dye that stains red
Alkaline Dye
A basic dye that stains a dark purple
Neutrophils
A granule that stains a pale lilac; have segmented nuclei; also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or polys; responsibly for ingesting and destroying bacteria and other foreign particles; the most numerous leukocyte circulating in the body; and the first cells to appear at a site of injury or infection to initiate phagocytosis of foreign material.
Eosinophils
Granules that stain red; main function is detoxification; most numerous during allergic reactions and animal parasite infestations
Basophil
Granules stain dark purple; main function is to release histamine and heparin at the sites of injury.
Monocytes
Mildly phagocytic when found in the blood vessels and when they exit they turn into macrophages.
Macrophages
Avid phagocytes capable of ingesting pathogens, dead cells , and other debris found at sites of inflammation.
Lymphocytes
Provide a highly specific body defense called acquired immunity and a generalized defense and respond whenever a potentially dangerous or abnormal cell is encountered; includes three different cell types: B cells, T cells, and Natural Killer cells
