E1 general Flashcards by Tyler Cole

Heirlooom

varieties that are at least 50 y/o
produced by ‘open pollination’
seeds produce similar characteristics from year to year

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hybrid

cross-pollination between 2 varieties of the same plant
some created in lab & many patented.
subsequent generations do not produce well.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Genetically engineered.

1 or more genes have been altered. 
may turn off genes. 
genes may be inserted to exhibit certain traits. 
ALL created in lab &amp; patented. 
seeds cannot be used.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

USDA

ensure no ill impact on unintended pests.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FDA

ensure GE foods are nutritionally the same as conventional.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

EPA

regulates pesticides engineered into plants

sets tolerance levels of all pesticides.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lenape potato.

Hybrid.
high starch content (potato chips)
~400% solanine content (many became sick)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of dates (food safety)

Sell-by
Best if used by
Use by

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sell-by

tells store how long to display

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Best if used by.

date recommended for best quality/flavor

not a safety device

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Use by

last date recommended to consume for peak quality.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Egg Subsitutes

unsweetened applesauce

Ground seeds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Butter subsitutes

unsweetened applesauce/mashed fruit
olive oil
canola oil
cooking spray

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chicken label

Conventional (Min 0.5ft)
Cage-free (min 1ft)
Free-range (min 21ft)
Pasture-raised (min 108 ft)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Health claims

describe a food, ingredient or supplement that has been shown to decrease the risk of some type of disease.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nutrient claims

must meet specific definition or refer to quality of a specific nutrient in the food.

Structure/function claims

describe the role of a nutrient or ingredient intended to affect normal structure or function in humans

Diet

normal pattern of eating

who determines the recommendations in usa/canada?

Food and nutrition board (FNB) of the institute of medicine. (IOM)

RDA

recommended dietary allowances. (first published 1941, last updated 2002)
nutrient amount required to meet 97% of the population.
goal for individuals.

DRI

Deitary reference intakes.

EAR

Estimated average requirement.
Avg nutrient requirement for a healthy population,
meet the needs of 50% of the population.
used for populations

adequate intake
nutrient recommendations when insufficient evidence to calculate EAR of RDA.
Goal for individuals.

TUL

tolerable upper limit.
highest nutrient level unlikely to cause adverse effects
prevent toxicities.

Adult nutrient recomendations.

``` 45-65% Cal from carbs. RDA/AI 130g Fiber 25g(W) 38g(M) Total fat 20-35% Cal N-6 11-17g N-3 1.1-1.6g Protein 10-35% Cal. RDA/AI 0.8g/kg body weight ```

Healthy Eating Index(HEI)

socre of 0-100 based on compliance wqith recommendations in dietary guildines for americans (DGA) >80 good diet 51-80 -needs improvement

How to calculate calories?

Total fat x9 Cal/g Total carbs x 4 Cal/g Total Protein x4 Cal/g

1 Cal = ?

1kcal (the amount of heat needed to raise 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius)

RDI

reference daily intakes | used for vitamins and minerals

DRV

Daily reference value | used for macronutrients & electrolytes.

Ingredients are listed by?

weight from most to least used.

Vitament A deficeiny

leading cause of preventable blindness in children/ | increases risk of disease and death from severe infections.

GMO bananas

Gene added from a wild banana from fiji | produces very high lvls of carotenoids (performed Vit. A)

DNA in our diet

eat over 100 trillion genes per day. | 01.-1g of DNA/day

Transgenic DNA

0.00007& of DNA we eat a day | most destroyed by GI conditions.

Factors impacting plant nutrition

``` plant variety soil type mother nature soil compaction nutrient interactions. ```