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Nutrition > E1 general > Flashcards

E1 general Flashcards

1
Q

Heirlooom

A

varieties that are at least 50 y/o
produced by ‘open pollination’
seeds produce similar characteristics from year to year

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2
Q

Hybrid

A

cross-pollination between 2 varieties of the same plant
some created in lab & many patented.
subsequent generations do not produce well.

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3
Q

Genetically engineered.

A 
1 or more genes have been altered. 
may turn off genes. 
genes may be inserted to exhibit certain traits. 
ALL created in lab & patented. 
seeds cannot be used.
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4
Q

USDA

A

ensure no ill impact on unintended pests.

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5
Q

FDA

A

ensure GE foods are nutritionally the same as conventional.

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6
Q

EPA

A

regulates pesticides engineered into plants

sets tolerance levels of all pesticides.

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7
Q

Lenape potato.

A

Hybrid.
high starch content (potato chips)
~400% solanine content (many became sick)

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8
Q

Types of dates (food safety)

A

Sell-by
Best if used by
Use by

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9
Q

Sell-by

A

tells store how long to display

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10
Q

Best if used by.

A

date recommended for best quality/flavor

not a safety device

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11
Q

Use by

A

last date recommended to consume for peak quality.

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12
Q

Egg Subsitutes

A

unsweetened applesauce

Ground seeds

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13
Q

Butter subsitutes

A

unsweetened applesauce/mashed fruit
olive oil
canola oil
cooking spray

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14
Q

Chicken label

A

Conventional (Min 0.5ft)
Cage-free (min 1ft)
Free-range (min 21ft)
Pasture-raised (min 108 ft)

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15
Q

Health claims

A

describe a food, ingredient or supplement that has been shown to decrease the risk of some type of disease.

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16
Q

Nutrient claims

A

must meet specific definition or refer to quality of a specific nutrient in the food.

17
Q

Structure/function claims

A

describe the role of a nutrient or ingredient intended to affect normal structure or function in humans

18
Q

Diet

A

normal pattern of eating

19
Q

who determines the recommendations in usa/canada?

A

Food and nutrition board (FNB) of the institute of medicine. (IOM)

20
Q

RDA

A

recommended dietary allowances. (first published 1941, last updated 2002)
nutrient amount required to meet 97% of the population.
goal for individuals.

21
Q

DRI

A

Deitary reference intakes.

22
Q

EAR

A

Estimated average requirement.
Avg nutrient requirement for a healthy population,
meet the needs of 50% of the population.
used for populations

23
Q

AI

A

adequate intake
nutrient recommendations when insufficient evidence to calculate EAR of RDA.
Goal for individuals.

24
Q

TUL

A

tolerable upper limit.
highest nutrient level unlikely to cause adverse effects
prevent toxicities.

25
Q

Adult nutrient recomendations.

A 
45-65% Cal from carbs.  RDA/AI 130g
Fiber 25g(W) 38g(M)
Total fat 20-35% Cal
N-6 11-17g
N-3 1.1-1.6g
Protein 10-35% Cal. RDA/AI 0.8g/kg body weight
26
Q

Healthy Eating Index(HEI)

A

socre of 0-100 based on compliance wqith recommendations in dietary guildines for americans (DGA)
>80 good diet
51-80 -needs improvement

27
Q

How to calculate calories?

A

Total fat x9 Cal/g
Total carbs x 4 Cal/g
Total Protein x4 Cal/g

28
Q

1 Cal = ?

A

1kcal (the amount of heat needed to raise 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius)

29
Q

RDI

A

reference daily intakes

used for vitamins and minerals

30
Q

DRV

A

Daily reference value

used for macronutrients & electrolytes.

31
Q

Ingredients are listed by?

A

weight from most to least used.

32
Q

Vitament A deficeiny

A

leading cause of preventable blindness in children/

increases risk of disease and death from severe infections.

33
Q

GMO bananas

A

Gene added from a wild banana from fiji

produces very high lvls of carotenoids (performed Vit. A)

34
Q

DNA in our diet

A

eat over 100 trillion genes per day.

01.-1g of DNA/day

35
Q

Transgenic DNA

A

0.00007& of DNA we eat a day

most destroyed by GI conditions.

36
Q

Factors impacting plant nutrition

A 
plant variety
soil type
mother nature
soil compaction
nutrient interactions.

Nutrition (2 decks)

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