E1 Ch 2 Vocab

Question 1

sagittal plane of brain

Answer 1

L and R divisions

Question 2

horizontal plane of brain

Answer 2

AKA transverse

Divide into top/bottom portions

Question 3

coronal plane of brain

Answer 3

anterior and posterior divisions

Question 4

myelin

Answer 4

protective covering of lipids and proteins that insulate axons. Makes transmission of neural signals fast and efficient. Formed by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Question 5

Peduncle

Answer 5

large bundles of fibers that connect sections of the brain together
ex: cerebellum is connected to the posterior brainstem via peduncles

Question 6

ganglion (ganglia)

Answer 6

groups of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 7

nucleus (nuclei)

Answer 7

groups of cell bodies in the CNS

Question 8

Cortex

Answer 8

cerebral cortex- gray matter on the surface of the brain

Question 9

gyrus (gyri)

Answer 9

ridges found in the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 10

sulcus (sulci)

Answer 10

deep fissures of the brain

Question 11

ventricle

Answer 11

spaces within the CNS (mostly brain) that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. 4 ventricles total

Question 12

location of ventricles of CNS?

Answer 12

1&2=  L&R lateral ventricles
3= center middle of brain by diencephalon
4= just superior to spinal cord

Question 13

Afferent (axons)

Answer 13

afferent axons carry information from the PNS to the CNS (carry away from spinal cord)

Question 14

Efferent (axons)

Answer 14

efferent axons carry information from CNS to the rest of the body via motor commands (carry info to spinal cord)

Question 15

Meninges

Answer 15

connective tissue that covers the CNS to provide support and protection. 3 layers total

Question 16

Names of Meninges

Answer 16

1) Dura mater
2) Arachnoid
3) Pia mater

Question 17

What is gray matter made of?

Answer 17

Gray matter is made of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites (essentially everything but axons)

Question 18

What is white matter made of?

Answer 18

White matter is made of axons from neurons in the cerebral cortex

Question 19

Parts of the CNS?

Answer 19

5 parts: spinal cord, brainstem (medulla, pons, midbrain), cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

Parts of the diencephalon and their fxns?

Answer 20

thalamus (relay station), hypothalamus (maintain body homeostasis), epithalamus (endocrine system), subthalamus (key part of movement circuit)

Question 21

Breakdown of the PNS?

Answer 21

PNS–> somatic and autonomic NS

autonomic –> sympathetic (fight/flight) & parasympathetic (rest/digest)

Question 22

Fxns of PNS

Answer 22

to relay sensory information to CNS and receive motor output from CNS
somatic = innervates body structures (voluntary movement)
autonomic = innervate/control involuntary systems

Question 23

3 regions of CNS

Answer 23

1) spinal region
2) brainstem and cerebellum
3) Cerebrum

Question 24

Describe the spinal region

Answer 24

31 pairs of spinal cords (8 c, 12 t, 5 l, 5 s, 1 c.

Question 25

Describe the brainstem

Answer 25

includes medulla, pons, midbrain, and 10/12 nuclei for cranial nerves. Helps convey info from spinal cord, integrates information and regulates body functions

Question 26

Describe the cerebellum

Answer 26

3 parts to cerebellum: vermis (midline band), L&R hemispheres. works to coordinate movement

Question 27

Describe the cerebrum

Answer 27

largest part of the CNS. Includes the diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres