E x a m 4 Flashcards by alyssa pierce

This drug is a melatonin receptor agonist with a very short half life of 2-5 hours.

no potential for abuse.

Interactions: Fluvoxamine inhibits metabolism

Ramelteon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This classification of medications works on GABA receptors and were the first sedative drugs with many adverse effects including:

fatal respiratory depression, high potential for drug abuse

induce hepatic drug metabolism

Barbiturates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This drug is a 5-HT serotonin receptor partial agonist. It is used for anxiety for short term use.

Buspirone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This classification of medications works on GABA receptors and have replaced barbiturates

Onset time in all cases is fast (15 to 60 minutes) with a medium-long duration (7 to 100 hours) for most useful in general anxiety disorder, alcohol withdrawal.

________ or _________ are useful in seizures and _________ is a very good drug choice for the elderly

Taper off drug slowly.

all end in -zolam and -zepam

Benzodiazepines

Diazepam

Lorazepam

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This classification of sedatives/hypnotics was developed most recently.

Adverse effects include daytime drowsiness, sleep driving

It includes 3 drugs:

Benzodiazepine-like

zolpidem
Zaleplon
Eszopiclone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This drug is a GABA receptor competitive antagonist so it is able to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and some benzodiazepine-like drugs.

It does not reverse the respiratory depression

It can cause seizures in patients who have taken benzodiazepines for a long period of time

Flumazenil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

G0 is another name for this phase of resting during the cell cycle:

the quiescent phase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the result of abnormal cells that persistently divide and grow without control.

Cancer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anticancer Drugs

This is the largest class of anticancer drugs. Act directly on cells to cause cell death

Cytotoxic Drugs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anticancer Drugs

This broad class of drugs includes the antiestrogens, for breast cancer, and the antiandrogens, for prostate cancer.

Hormonal Drugs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the ratio of proliferating cells to resting cells.

Growth Fraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is an abnormal tissue growth that forms a mass.

tumor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extravasation of these types of drugs can cause severe local injury.

Vesicant drugs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal bone marrow, hair follicles, GI epithelium and testes are all these types of cells, making them more susceptible to effects of cytotoxic drugs

High Growth Fraction cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the effect of cytotoxic drugs on hair follicles

Alopecia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This word indicates a tumor does not invade nearby tissue and does not spread to other parts of the body

Benign

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cells in this phase are undergoing cell division, or mitosis.

The Proliferation Phase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are the effects of cytotoxic drugs on the GI tract

Stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This word indicates a tumor that invades nearby tissue or spreads throughout the body.

malignant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the order of phases in the proliferation phase of the cell cycle

G1: preparation for DNA replication
S: DNA replication
G2: Preparation for cell division
M: Cell division (mitosis)

This word indicates secondary tumors at sites distant from the original tumor.

metastasis

These are the effects of cytotoxic drugs on bone marrow

Neutropenia (decreased WBC’s) and resulting infections. Fever.

Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets). Bleeding

Anemia (decreased RBC’s)
Collectively this is called myelosuppression

Anticancer Drug

This broad class of drugs includes the biological response modifiers (immunotherapy)

Targeted Drugs

Guess the drug:

This drug is a topoisomerase inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class

Used in leukemia treatment.

The main thing about this one is no bone marrow effects.

Asparaginase

Guess the drug: This is an antiestrogen hormonal drug Used as an adjuvant after surgery and used to prevent breast cancer in women at high risk. blocks estrogen receptors in some breast tissue but stimulates those receptors in bone tissue Important adverse effects: menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, endometrial cancer risk.

Tamoxifen

Cytotoxic Guess the drug: this drug is a pyrimidine analog antimetabolite agent from the cytotoxic drug class substitutes for the normal uracil in RNA Hemorrhagic cystitis

5-fluorouracil

Cytotoxic Guess the drug: MOA: Cells are killed by alkalization of guanine in DNA Requires activation in the liver

Cyclophosphamide

Guess the drug: Blocks androgen receptors in tumor cells to inhibit androgen dependent cell growth. used for advanced prostate cancer with surgical castration.

Flutamide

Cytotoxic Guess the drug: This drug is an antitumor antibiotic agent from the cytotoxic drug class Intercalates (inserts) into DNA, then that DNA can’t replicate accurately Can cause acute (arrhythmias) and delayed, months to years, (heart failure) cardiac toxicity. It is a vesicant.

doxorubicin

Guess the drug: this drug is a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH) hormonal drug given daily as a subcutaneous injection in advanced prostate cancer inhibiting testes production of androgens. loss of libido

Degarelix

Guess the drug: This drug is a taxane mitotic inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class Mitotic inhibitors block mitosis by inhibiting microtubules

What is: Paclitaxel

Guess the drug: This drug is a topoisomerase inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class Topoisomerase alters the shape of supercoiled DNA Must be diluted in a large volume of IV fluid to prevent hypotension.

Etoposide

Guess the drug: this drug is a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) flu like symptoms (40%).

Trastuzumab

Guess the drug: This drug is a vinca alkaloid mitotic inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class Important adverse effects: Causes peripheral nerve toxicity but little bone marrow depression. Common use in combination cancer therapy. It is safer than paclitaxel as far as bone marrow suppression.

vincristine

Guess the drug: this is an aromatase inhibitor hormonal drug used as adjuvant in postmenopausal breast cancer. blocks synthesis of estrogen from androgens osteoporosis

Anastrozole

Cytotoxic Guess the drug: this drug is identified as “Platinum” and “alkylating-like” MOA: Cells are killed by alkalization of DNA through guanine DNA crosslinking bone marrow suppression not as great as with some of the other drugs Use is limited by renal damage, which is treated with fluid and diuretics.

Cisplatin

___________ (decreased WBC’s) and resulting infections. Fever.

Neutropenia

_________________ (decreased platelets). Bleeding

Thrombocytopenia

(decreased RBC’s) | Collectively this is called myelosuppression

Anemia

Anticancer Drug Therapy Most Effective - decreased resistant - less toxic to normal cells

Combination therapy

Anticancer Drug Therapy Allows normal cells to repopulate - less normal cell toxicity

Intermittent dosing

Anticancer drug handling Vesicant drugs: doxorubicin, vincristine, dactinomycin Direct contact can cause local injury and caner risk

Extravastion

Antipsychotics - 1st generation Blocks DA Low Potency * Takes weeks to months to reach full effect Extrapyramidal effects - irreversible oral-facial dyskinesia positive side effects of schizophrenia

Chlorpromazine

Antipsychotics - 1st generation Blocks DA High Potency VERY High Extrapyramidal effects! positive side effects of schizophrenia Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome "lead pipe rigidity"

Haloperidol

Treatment for Extrapyramidal effects - irreversible oral-facial dyskinesia known as tardive dyskinesia (months to years)

VALbenazine

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation Block DA & Serotonin Bipolar and Psychosis No metabolic effects Very low EPS

Aripiprazole

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation Block DA & Serotonin Bipolar Low EPS High Metabolic Effects

Olanzapine

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation Block DA & Serotonin Bipolar Moderate EPS and Metabolic Effect

Risperidone

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation Block DA & Serotonin Bipolar and Depression More effective than any other antipsychotic drug but can cause agranulocytosis

Clozapine