E x a m 4 Flashcards
This drug is a melatonin receptor agonist with a very short half life of 2-5 hours.
no potential for abuse.
Interactions: Fluvoxamine inhibits metabolism
Ramelteon
This classification of medications works on GABA receptors and were the first sedative drugs with many adverse effects including:
fatal respiratory depression, high potential for drug abuse
induce hepatic drug metabolism
Barbiturates
This drug is a 5-HT serotonin receptor partial agonist. It is used for anxiety for short term use.
Buspirone
This classification of medications works on GABA receptors and have replaced barbiturates
Onset time in all cases is fast (15 to 60 minutes) with a medium-long duration (7 to 100 hours) for most useful in general anxiety disorder, alcohol withdrawal.
________ or _________ are useful in seizures and _________ is a very good drug choice for the elderly
Taper off drug slowly.
all end in -zolam and -zepam
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Lorazepam
This classification of sedatives/hypnotics was developed most recently.
Adverse effects include daytime drowsiness, sleep driving
It includes 3 drugs:
Benzodiazepine-like
zolpidem
Zaleplon
Eszopiclone
This drug is a GABA receptor competitive antagonist so it is able to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and some benzodiazepine-like drugs.
It does not reverse the respiratory depression
It can cause seizures in patients who have taken benzodiazepines for a long period of time
Flumazenil
G0 is another name for this phase of resting during the cell cycle:
the quiescent phase
This is the result of abnormal cells that persistently divide and grow without control.
Cancer
Anticancer Drugs
This is the largest class of anticancer drugs. Act directly on cells to cause cell death
Cytotoxic Drugs
Anticancer Drugs
This broad class of drugs includes the antiestrogens, for breast cancer, and the antiandrogens, for prostate cancer.
Hormonal Drugs
This is the ratio of proliferating cells to resting cells.
Growth Fraction
This is an abnormal tissue growth that forms a mass.
tumor
Extravasation of these types of drugs can cause severe local injury.
Vesicant drugs
Normal bone marrow, hair follicles, GI epithelium and testes are all these types of cells, making them more susceptible to effects of cytotoxic drugs
High Growth Fraction cells
This is the effect of cytotoxic drugs on hair follicles
Alopecia
This word indicates a tumor does not invade nearby tissue and does not spread to other parts of the body
Benign
Cells in this phase are undergoing cell division, or mitosis.
The Proliferation Phase
These are the effects of cytotoxic drugs on the GI tract
Stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
This word indicates a tumor that invades nearby tissue or spreads throughout the body.
malignant
This is the order of phases in the proliferation phase of the cell cycle
G1: preparation for DNA replication
S: DNA replication
G2: Preparation for cell division
M: Cell division (mitosis)
This word indicates secondary tumors at sites distant from the original tumor.
metastasis
These are the effects of cytotoxic drugs on bone marrow
Neutropenia (decreased WBC’s) and resulting infections. Fever.
Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets). Bleeding
Anemia (decreased RBC’s)
Collectively this is called myelosuppression
Anticancer Drug
This broad class of drugs includes the biological response modifiers (immunotherapy)
Targeted Drugs
Guess the drug:
This drug is a topoisomerase inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class
Used in leukemia treatment.
The main thing about this one is no bone marrow effects.
Asparaginase
Guess the drug:
This is an antiestrogen hormonal drug Used as an adjuvant after surgery and used to prevent breast cancer in women at high risk.
blocks estrogen receptors in some breast tissue but stimulates those receptors in bone tissue
Important adverse effects: menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, endometrial cancer risk.
Tamoxifen
Cytotoxic
Guess the drug:
this drug is a pyrimidine analog antimetabolite agent from the cytotoxic drug class
substitutes for the normal uracil in RNA
Hemorrhagic cystitis
5-fluorouracil
Cytotoxic
Guess the drug:
MOA: Cells are killed by alkalization of guanine in DNA
Requires activation in the liver
Cyclophosphamide
Guess the drug:
Blocks androgen receptors in tumor cells to inhibit androgen dependent cell growth.
used for advanced prostate cancer with surgical castration.
Flutamide
Cytotoxic
Guess the drug:
This drug is an antitumor antibiotic agent from the cytotoxic drug class
Intercalates (inserts) into DNA, then that DNA can’t replicate accurately
Can cause acute (arrhythmias) and delayed, months to years, (heart failure) cardiac toxicity. It is a vesicant.
doxorubicin
Guess the drug:
this drug is a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH) hormonal drug given daily as a subcutaneous injection in advanced prostate cancer
inhibiting testes production of androgens.
loss of libido
Degarelix
Guess the drug:
This drug is a taxane mitotic inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class
Mitotic inhibitors block mitosis by inhibiting microtubules
What is: Paclitaxel
Guess the drug:
This drug is a topoisomerase inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class
Topoisomerase alters the shape of supercoiled DNA
Must be diluted in a large volume of IV fluid to prevent hypotension.
Etoposide
Guess the drug:
this drug is a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)
flu like symptoms (40%).
Trastuzumab
Guess the drug:
This drug is a vinca alkaloid mitotic inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class
Important adverse effects: Causes peripheral nerve toxicity but little bone marrow depression. Common use in combination cancer therapy. It is safer than paclitaxel as far as bone marrow suppression.
vincristine
Guess the drug:
this is an aromatase inhibitor hormonal drug used as adjuvant in postmenopausal breast cancer.
blocks synthesis of estrogen from androgens
osteoporosis
Anastrozole
Cytotoxic
Guess the drug:
this drug is identified as “Platinum” and “alkylating-like”
MOA: Cells are killed by alkalization of DNA through guanine DNA crosslinking
bone marrow suppression not as great as with some of the other drugs
Use is limited by renal damage, which is treated with fluid and diuretics.
Cisplatin
___________ (decreased WBC’s) and resulting infections. Fever.
Neutropenia
_________________ (decreased platelets). Bleeding
Thrombocytopenia
(decreased RBC’s)
Collectively this is called myelosuppression
Anemia
Anticancer Drug Therapy
Most Effective
- decreased resistant
- less toxic to normal cells
Combination therapy
Anticancer Drug Therapy
Allows normal cells to repopulate - less normal cell toxicity
Intermittent dosing
Anticancer drug handling
Vesicant drugs: doxorubicin, vincristine, dactinomycin
Direct contact can cause local injury and caner risk
Extravastion
Antipsychotics - 1st generation
Blocks DA
Low Potency * Takes weeks to months to reach full effect
Extrapyramidal effects - irreversible oral-facial dyskinesia
positive side effects of schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine
Antipsychotics - 1st generation
Blocks DA
High Potency
VERY High Extrapyramidal effects!
positive side effects of schizophrenia
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
“lead pipe rigidity”
Haloperidol
Treatment for Extrapyramidal effects - irreversible oral-facial dyskinesia known as tardive dyskinesia (months to years)
VALbenazine
Antipsychotics - 2nd generation
Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar and Psychosis
No metabolic effects
Very low EPS
Aripiprazole
Antipsychotics - 2nd generation
Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar
Low EPS
High Metabolic Effects
Olanzapine
Antipsychotics - 2nd generation
Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar
Moderate EPS and Metabolic Effect
Risperidone
Antipsychotics - 2nd generation
Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar and Depression
More effective than any other antipsychotic drug but can cause agranulocytosis
Clozapine
