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Pharmacology > E x a m 4 > Flashcards

E x a m 4 Flashcards

1
Q

This drug is a melatonin receptor agonist with a very short half life of 2-5 hours.

no potential for abuse.

Interactions: Fluvoxamine inhibits metabolism

A

Ramelteon

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2
Q

This classification of medications works on GABA receptors and were the first sedative drugs with many adverse effects including:

fatal respiratory depression, high potential for drug abuse

induce hepatic drug metabolism

A

Barbiturates

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3
Q

This drug is a 5-HT serotonin receptor partial agonist. It is used for anxiety for short term use.

A

Buspirone

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4
Q

This classification of medications works on GABA receptors and have replaced barbiturates

Onset time in all cases is fast (15 to 60 minutes) with a medium-long duration (7 to 100 hours) for most useful in general anxiety disorder, alcohol withdrawal.

________ or _________ are useful in seizures and _________ is a very good drug choice for the elderly

Taper off drug slowly.

all end in -zolam and -zepam

A

Benzodiazepines

Diazepam

Lorazepam

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5
Q

This classification of sedatives/hypnotics was developed most recently.

Adverse effects include daytime drowsiness, sleep driving

It includes 3 drugs:

A

Benzodiazepine-like

zolpidem
Zaleplon
Eszopiclone

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6
Q

This drug is a GABA receptor competitive antagonist so it is able to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and some benzodiazepine-like drugs.

It does not reverse the respiratory depression

It can cause seizures in patients who have taken benzodiazepines for a long period of time

A

Flumazenil

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7
Q

G0 is another name for this phase of resting during the cell cycle:

A

the quiescent phase

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8
Q

This is the result of abnormal cells that persistently divide and grow without control.

A

Cancer

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9
Q

Anticancer Drugs

This is the largest class of anticancer drugs. Act directly on cells to cause cell death

A

Cytotoxic Drugs

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10
Q

Anticancer Drugs

This broad class of drugs includes the antiestrogens, for breast cancer, and the antiandrogens, for prostate cancer.

A

Hormonal Drugs

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11
Q

This is the ratio of proliferating cells to resting cells.

A

Growth Fraction

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12
Q

This is an abnormal tissue growth that forms a mass.

A

tumor

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13
Q

Extravasation of these types of drugs can cause severe local injury.

A

Vesicant drugs

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14
Q

Normal bone marrow, hair follicles, GI epithelium and testes are all these types of cells, making them more susceptible to effects of cytotoxic drugs

A

High Growth Fraction cells

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15
Q

This is the effect of cytotoxic drugs on hair follicles

A

Alopecia

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16
Q

This word indicates a tumor does not invade nearby tissue and does not spread to other parts of the body

A

Benign

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17
Q

Cells in this phase are undergoing cell division, or mitosis.

A

The Proliferation Phase

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18
Q

These are the effects of cytotoxic drugs on the GI tract

A

Stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

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19
Q

This word indicates a tumor that invades nearby tissue or spreads throughout the body.

A

malignant

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20
Q

This is the order of phases in the proliferation phase of the cell cycle

A

G1: preparation for DNA replication
S: DNA replication
G2: Preparation for cell division
M: Cell division (mitosis)

21
Q

This word indicates secondary tumors at sites distant from the original tumor.

A

metastasis

22
Q

These are the effects of cytotoxic drugs on bone marrow

A

Neutropenia (decreased WBC’s) and resulting infections. Fever.

Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets). Bleeding

Anemia (decreased RBC’s)
Collectively this is called myelosuppression

23
Q

Anticancer Drug

This broad class of drugs includes the biological response modifiers (immunotherapy)

A

Targeted Drugs

24
Q

Guess the drug:

This drug is a topoisomerase inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class

Used in leukemia treatment.

The main thing about this one is no bone marrow effects.

A

Asparaginase

25
Q

Guess the drug:

This is an antiestrogen hormonal drug Used as an adjuvant after surgery and used to prevent breast cancer in women at high risk.

blocks estrogen receptors in some breast tissue but stimulates those receptors in bone tissue

Important adverse effects: menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, endometrial cancer risk.

A

Tamoxifen

26
Q

Cytotoxic

Guess the drug:

this drug is a pyrimidine analog antimetabolite agent from the cytotoxic drug class

substitutes for the normal uracil in RNA

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

5-fluorouracil

27
Q

Cytotoxic

Guess the drug:

MOA: Cells are killed by alkalization of guanine in DNA

Requires activation in the liver

A

Cyclophosphamide

28
Q

Guess the drug:

Blocks androgen receptors in tumor cells to inhibit androgen dependent cell growth.

used for advanced prostate cancer with surgical castration.

A

Flutamide

29
Q

Cytotoxic

Guess the drug:

This drug is an antitumor antibiotic agent from the cytotoxic drug class

Intercalates (inserts) into DNA, then that DNA can’t replicate accurately

Can cause acute (arrhythmias) and delayed, months to years, (heart failure) cardiac toxicity. It is a vesicant.

A

doxorubicin

30
Q

Guess the drug:

this drug is a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH) hormonal drug given daily as a subcutaneous injection in advanced prostate cancer

inhibiting testes production of androgens.

loss of libido

A

Degarelix

31
Q

Guess the drug:

This drug is a taxane mitotic inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class

Mitotic inhibitors block mitosis by inhibiting microtubules

A

What is: Paclitaxel

32
Q

Guess the drug:

This drug is a topoisomerase inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class

Topoisomerase alters the shape of supercoiled DNA

Must be diluted in a large volume of IV fluid to prevent hypotension.

A

Etoposide

33
Q

Guess the drug:

this drug is a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)

flu like symptoms (40%).

A

Trastuzumab

34
Q

Guess the drug:

This drug is a vinca alkaloid mitotic inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class

Important adverse effects: Causes peripheral nerve toxicity but little bone marrow depression. Common use in combination cancer therapy. It is safer than paclitaxel as far as bone marrow suppression.

A

vincristine

35
Q

Guess the drug:

this is an aromatase inhibitor hormonal drug used as adjuvant in postmenopausal breast cancer.

blocks synthesis of estrogen from androgens

osteoporosis

A

Anastrozole

36
Q

Cytotoxic

Guess the drug:

this drug is identified as “Platinum” and “alkylating-like”

MOA: Cells are killed by alkalization of DNA through guanine DNA crosslinking

bone marrow suppression not as great as with some of the other drugs

Use is limited by renal damage, which is treated with fluid and diuretics.

A

Cisplatin

37
Q

___________ (decreased WBC’s) and resulting infections. Fever.

A

Neutropenia

38
Q

_________________ (decreased platelets). Bleeding

A

Thrombocytopenia

39
Q

(decreased RBC’s)

Collectively this is called myelosuppression

A

Anemia

40
Q

Anticancer Drug Therapy

Most Effective

  • decreased resistant
  • less toxic to normal cells
A

Combination therapy

41
Q

Anticancer Drug Therapy

Allows normal cells to repopulate - less normal cell toxicity

A

Intermittent dosing

42
Q

Anticancer drug handling

Vesicant drugs: doxorubicin, vincristine, dactinomycin

Direct contact can cause local injury and caner risk

A

Extravastion

43
Q

Antipsychotics - 1st generation

Blocks DA
Low Potency * Takes weeks to months to reach full effect
Extrapyramidal effects - irreversible oral-facial dyskinesia

positive side effects of schizophrenia

A

Chlorpromazine

44
Q

Antipsychotics - 1st generation

Blocks DA
High Potency
VERY High Extrapyramidal effects!

positive side effects of schizophrenia

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
“lead pipe rigidity”

A

Haloperidol

45
Q

Treatment for Extrapyramidal effects - irreversible oral-facial dyskinesia known as tardive dyskinesia (months to years)

A

VALbenazine

46
Q

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation

Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar and Psychosis

No metabolic effects
Very low EPS

A

Aripiprazole

47
Q

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation

Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar

Low EPS
High Metabolic Effects

A

Olanzapine

48
Q

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation

Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar

Moderate EPS and Metabolic Effect

A

Risperidone

49
Q

Antipsychotics - 2nd generation

Block DA & Serotonin
Bipolar and Depression

More effective than any other antipsychotic drug but can cause agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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