E-test 1 (Module 1 - 5)

Question 1

Risks

Answer 1

Chance of consequences, loss; exposure to mischance

Likelihood that harm, injury or ill-health will occur and the possible extent of the harm

Likelihood that death, injury or illness might result because of the hazards

Question 2

Hazards

Answer 2

Something that is dangerous or risky

Anything that may cause harm, injury or ill-health to a person

Anything with potential to cause harm, injury or ill-health will occur and possible extent of harm

Includes substances, plants, work processes and other aspects of the work or general environment

Question 3

Exposure

Answer 3

A person must be exposed to a hazard for there to be a risk
- zero exposure = zero risk
To reduce the level of risk, need to reduce exposure to hazard

Risk = likelihood x exposure

Question 4

Common Law

Answer 4

Originates from court decisions

Changes over time as courts respond to societal change

Question 5

Statute Law

Answer 5

Developed by process of government
Made in response to perceived need
Supports government policy, protect safety and quality of life

Question 6

Act of Parliament

Answer 6

Passes by both houses
Read in conjunction with delegated legislation made under act

BILL > proposed act unit agreed upon both houses

Question 7

Delegated Legisaltion

Answer 7

Subordinate/subsidiary legislation
Made under specific act, including name
Regulations most common (by-laws, planning schemes, rules, hospitals)

Question 8

Guidance Materials

Answer 8

Includes Codes of Practice, Australian Standards
Not legislation but can be used as evidence of compliance (or non-compliance) in a prosecution for an alleged contravention of an Act or a regulation

Question 9

Risk Assessment

Answer 9

Systematic process for describing and quantifying risk associated with hazards including substances, processes, actions, or events
Involves determining probability and likely extent of harm resulting from a set of circumstances

Question 10

Risk Management

Answer 10

Process for controlling exposure to health and safety risks associated with hazards in the workplace or general environment

Stage 1: Hazard Identification
Stage 2: Human Exposure Assessment
Stage 3: Assess Risk
Stage 4: Control Measures
Stage 5: Monitor and Review

Question 11

Hierarchy of Control

Answer 11

When applying control measures, there is an order or preference in the controls levels implemented

Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering Controls
Administration Controls
Personal Protective Equipment

Question 12

Physical

Answer 12

Wide range of hazards that may be considered physical

• Slips, trips and falls
• Falling objects
• Working at height
• Confined spaces
• Electrical hazards
• Vehicles
• Unsafe Acts
• Machine Guarding

Question 13

Chemical

Answer 13

Chemical substances

Classified according to health or physiochemical properties

Question 14

Biological

Answer 14

Organic substances that pose a threat to health of humans

Question 15

Biomechanical

Answer 15

Hazards linked to manual behaviours that put force on the body and result in musculoskeletal injuries
Occur when the forces on the body tissues are greater than the tissues can withstand

Rate of damage > rate at which tissue can repair

Question 16

Micro-ergonomics

Answer 16

Relates to individuals and interaction with tasks

Question 17

Macro-ergonomics

Answer 17

Relates to structure of overall workplace

Question 18

Physical Ergonomics

Answer 18

Concerned with the physical characteristics, capabilities and limitations of humans as they relate to physical activity

Question 19

Anthropomentry

Answer 19

Human body movement, including body dimensions, range of movement of limbs and muscle strength

Question 20

Static Anthropomentry

Answer 20

Measurements are made with the body rigid, in standardised positions

Question 21

Dynamic Anthropomentry

Answer 21

Dimensions measured in various working positions or movements

Question 22

Limiting User

Answer 22

Individual who the designer has to take into account when making decisions, so that if they accomodate that individual most of the workforce will be able to work with their design

Question 23

Design Limits

Answer 23

Not everything can be designed to fit everyone. Typically the limiting users are either the 1st or 5th percentile or 95th or 99th percentile

Question 24

Cognitive Ergonomics

Answer 24

The way people think, perceive and interpret information
People’s way of learning,their motivation and memory ability
Matching what we see and do to our cognitive expectations so that we can work safer and more productively

Question 25

Environmental Ergonomics

Answer 25

Physical environment shouldn’t limit a person’s ability to perform tasks safety and productively

Question 26

Organisational Ergonomics

Answer 26

Considered the organisational and societal aspects of the workplace as they affect the people who work there and the work that they are doing (macro-ergonomics)

Question 27

Psychological

Answer 27

• Difficult to identify
• Not a quantitative way to measure them
• Just because you leave the workplace doesn’t mean the ‘exposure’ stops
• Health is defined as physical and psychological health in the WHS Act and the OSH Act
  May create a social environment of uncertainty, anxiety and lack of control

Stress
Work-related stress
Bullying
All types of Harassment
Violence at Work
Work-life Imbalance

Question 28

Organisational Factors

Answer 28

Demands
Control
Support
Relationship
Role
Change

Question 29

Absenteeism

Answer 29

Lost wages, replacement workers, management time, reduced productivity, effect on co-workers, increased error rate, increased accidents etc.

Question 30

Presenteeism

Answer 30

Person suffering from stress stays at work; reduced productivity, effect on co-workers, increased error rate, increased accidents etc.

Question 31

Sound

Answer 31

A transfer of energy via pressure wavs through a physical medium from a source to cause the sensation of hearing