E-stim & Iontophoresis

Question 1

Direct current

Answer 1

Constant flow of electrons from the anode to the cathode (for longer that 1 sec) without interruption.

Question 2

Alternating current

Answer 2

Polarity the continuously changes from positive to negative with a change in the direction of flow.

Question 3

Pulsatile current

Answer 3

Non-continuous flow of direct or alternating current.

Question 4

NMES vs FES

Answer 4

• NMES facilitates skeletal muscle activity.
• FES enhances performance of a functional activity.

Question 5

Iontophoresis theory/rationale

Answer 5

• Like charges repel
• Ions that have the same charge as the electrical source will move away from it into the body.
• Rate of ion delivery depends on concentration of the ion, pH of the solution, current density, and duration of Tx.

Question 6

How to decrease burn risk with iontophoresis?

Answer 6

• Increase size of cathode relative to anode.
• Decrease current density
• Increase space between electrodes

Question 7

Small vs large electrodes

Answer 7

Small:
- Increased current density
- Increased impedance
- Decrease current flow

Large:
- Decreased current density
- Decreased impedance
- Increased current flow