E-Stim Flashcards
What i direct current
continuous unidirectional flow of charged particles, most commonly used with iontophoresis.
What is alternating current
Continuous bidirectional flow of chared particles. AC can be used for pain control IFC, premed and for muscle contraction russian.
Pulse duration
how long each pulse lasts. Time from the beginning of the first phase of a pulse to the end of the last phase of a pulse.
Phase duration
is the duration of one phase of the pulse. Its is a monophase pulsed current and is less then the pulse duration.
What pulses are used for sensory stimulation?
Short pulses and low current amplitudes are used.
What pulses are used for motor stimulation?
Longer pulses and higher amplitudes.
Strength or intensity of the current is also known as?
amplitude
What is frequency?
Number of cycles or pulses per second and is measured in hertz, or pulses per second.
What type of current is produced by the interference of two medium frequency
IFC
On/Off time
ON: time during which a train of pulses occurs. OFF: time between trains of pulses where no current flows.
What type of current is used to reduce muscle fatigue?
ON/OFF time is used to produce muscle contractions to simulate the voluntary contract and relax phases of normal physiological exercise to reduce muscle fatigue.
Direct muscle depolarization contractions in denervated muscles require what?
Denervated muscles contract when the electrical current directly causes the muscle cells to depolarize. This requires pulses of electricity lasting 10 ms or longer and is known as electrical muscle stimulation or stimulation of denervated muscles.
Contraindications for E-Stim
Demand cardiac pacemaker or unstable arrhythmias
Placement of electrodes over carotid sinus
Areas where venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophieblities are present.
Pregnancy over or around the abdomen or low back.
Why is it important to inspect the electrodes regularly?
If the gel coating starts to dry out the current delivery becomes less uniform causing uneven current density. Areas where the electrode is still able to conduct, the current density will be high, this can cause the skin to burn.
When electrodes are placed closed together what are the effects?
electrodes are configured more superficially the current travels.
Greater distance between electrodes has what effects?
The deeper the current travels need more amplitude.
What is a flow of charged particles?
Electrical current
What are the effects of electrical current?
Nerve depolarization, muscle depolarization, and ionic effects.
An electrically stimulated AP can affect what?
Sensory nerves, producing a pleasant or painful sensation, or motor nerves, producing a muscle contraction.
What effects are produced by unbalanced waveforms independent of any action potential?
Ionic effects
What should be documented?
Area of the body treated Patient positioning specific stimulation parameters electrode placement treatment duration patients response to treatment
Electrodes should be placed over bony prominences?
False
What is the minimum current amplitude, with long pulse duration, required to produce an AP
Rheobase
EMS
Electrical muscle stimulation: application of an electrical current directly to muscle to produce a muscle contraction
