E-Stim

Question 1

What i direct current

Answer 1

continuous unidirectional flow of charged particles, most commonly used with iontophoresis.

Question 2

What is alternating current

Answer 2

Continuous bidirectional flow of chared particles. AC can be used for pain control IFC, premed and for muscle contraction russian.

Question 3

Pulse duration

Answer 3

how long each pulse lasts. Time from the beginning of the first phase of a pulse to the end of the last phase of a pulse.

Question 4

Phase duration

Answer 4

is the duration of one phase of the pulse. Its is a monophase pulsed current and is less then the pulse duration.

Question 5

What pulses are used for sensory stimulation?

Answer 5

Short pulses and low current amplitudes are used.

Question 6

What pulses are used for motor stimulation?

Answer 6

Longer pulses and higher amplitudes.

Question 7

Strength or intensity of the current is also known as?

Answer 7

amplitude

Question 8

What is frequency?

Answer 8

Number of cycles or pulses per second and is measured in hertz, or pulses per second.

Question 9

What type of current is produced by the interference of two medium frequency

Answer 9

IFC

Question 10

On/Off time

Answer 10

ON: time during which a train of pulses occurs. OFF: time between trains of pulses where no current flows.

Question 11

What type of current is used to reduce muscle fatigue?

Answer 11

ON/OFF time is used to produce muscle contractions to simulate the voluntary contract and relax phases of normal physiological exercise to reduce muscle fatigue.

Question 12

Direct muscle depolarization contractions in denervated muscles require what?

Answer 12

Denervated muscles contract when the electrical current directly causes the muscle cells to depolarize. This requires pulses of electricity lasting 10 ms or longer and is known as electrical muscle stimulation or stimulation of denervated muscles.

Question 13

Contraindications for E-Stim

Answer 13

Demand cardiac pacemaker or unstable arrhythmias

Placement of electrodes over carotid sinus

Areas where venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophieblities are present.

Pregnancy over or around the abdomen or low back.

Question 14

Why is it important to inspect the electrodes regularly?

Answer 14

If the gel coating starts to dry out the current delivery becomes less uniform causing uneven current density. Areas where the electrode is still able to conduct, the current density will be high, this can cause the skin to burn.

Question 15

When electrodes are placed closed together what are the effects?

Answer 15

electrodes are configured more superficially the current travels.

Question 16

Greater distance between electrodes has what effects?

Answer 16

The deeper the current travels need more amplitude.

Question 17

What is a flow of charged particles?

Answer 17

Electrical current

Question 18

What are the effects of electrical current?

Answer 18

Nerve depolarization, muscle depolarization, and ionic effects.

Question 19

An electrically stimulated AP can affect what?

Answer 19

Sensory nerves, producing a pleasant or painful sensation, or motor nerves, producing a muscle contraction.

Question 20

What effects are produced by unbalanced waveforms independent of any action potential?

Answer 20

Ionic effects

Question 21

What should be documented?

Answer 21

Area of the body treated
Patient positioning
specific stimulation parameters
electrode placement
treatment duration
patients response to treatment

Question 22

Electrodes should be placed over bony prominences?

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What is the minimum current amplitude, with long pulse duration, required to produce an AP

Answer 23

Rheobase

Question 24

EMS

Answer 24

Electrical muscle stimulation: application of an electrical current directly to muscle to produce a muscle contraction

Question 25

Gate control theory

Answer 25

theory of pain control and modulation stating that pain is modulated at the spinal cord level by inhibitory effects of nonnoxious afferent input