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S2 END OF YEAR EXAM > E-OF-Y EXAM > Flashcards

E-OF-Y EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is made up of atoms arranged in different ways e.g. solids, liquids and gases

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2
Q

How many elements in the Periodic Table?

A

118 elements

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made from one type of atom e.g. a lump of gold is made up of gold atoms only.

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4
Q

Which elements are liquid at room temperature?

A

Mercury and Bromine

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5
Q

What is a period?

A

A period is a horizontal row

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6
Q

What is a group?

A

A group is a vertical column

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7
Q

What are the groups called?

A

Group 1 - alkali metals
between 2 and 3 - transition metals
Group 7 - the halogens
Group 8 - the noble gases

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8
Q

How do you write a chemical symbol?

A

If it has one letter only it should be a capital
If it has 2 letters only the first is a capital e.g. Br

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9
Q

Where can metals be found in the periodic table?

A

Left hand side

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10
Q

How can metals be identified?

A

They conduct electricity, are shiny and solid at room temperature [except mecury]

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11
Q

What is formed when elements react and combine?

A

A compound

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12
Q

How are compounds different from elements?

A

They have different properties.

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13
Q

What does it mean if a compound ends in -ide?

A

It contains two elements

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14
Q

What does it mean if a compound ends in -ite or ate?

A

It contains 3 elements, one of which is oxygen.

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15
Q

Which elements are present in sodium chlorate?

A

sodium, chlorine and oxygen

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16
Q

How do you name a compound with two elements?

A

The element farthest left in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and its name ends in IDE

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17
Q

How do you name a compound with three elements?

A

The element farthest left in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and oxygen goes at the end with ITE/ATE

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18
Q

Physical changes include:

A

melting, evaporating, subliming, condensing, freezing

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19
Q

The 4 signs of a reaction are

A

fizzing, temperature change, precipitate formed, colour change

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20
Q

Exothermic means

A

Heat (heat energy) is released to the surroundings, causing the temperature to increase

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21
Q

Endothermic means

A

Heat (heat energy) is absorbed from the surroundings, causing the temperature to decrease

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22
Q

Reactants are found

A

on the left of the arrow

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23
Q

Products are found

A

on the right of the arrow

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24
Q

The 4 state symbols and their definitions are

A

(s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous

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25
Q

A fuel is

A

a substance which burns in oxygen and releases energy

26
Q

Another word for combustion is

A

burning

27
Q

The gas used when a substance burns/combusts is

A

oxygen

28
Q

The tests for the gases oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are:

A

oxygen: relights a glowing splint
carbon dioxide: turns lime water cloudy
hydrogen: burns with a squeaky pop

29
Q

Why is hydrogen hailed as a fuel of the future?

A

It is made from a renewable resource - water - and when it burns it produces water which is not a pollutant

30
Q

The problem with carbon monoxide is

A

It is a toxic gas

31
Q

The 3 fossil fuels and how they are produced:

A

coal: plant remains
oil/gas: animal remains
millions of years ago using high temperatures and pressures

32
Q

Crude oil and natural gas contains mainly

A

hydrocarbons

33
Q

hydrocarbons contain

A

hydrogen and carbon only

34
Q

fractional distillation separates hydrocarbons based on them having different

A

boiling points

35
Q

The relationship between hydrocarbon size and boiling point is

A

The bigger the molecule the higher the boiling point

36
Q

A fraction is

A

A small group of hydrocarbons with boiling points within a similar range

37
Q

The list of fractions, in order of increasing boiling point is

A

natural gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, residue/bitumen

38
Q

A use for each fraction in order of increasing boiling point is

A

fuel for cooking, fuel for cars, chemicals for medicines and plastics, fuel for planes, fuel for trucks, fuel for ships/lubrication, tarmac

39
Q

Other properties which relate to molecular size include

A

flammability and viscosity

40
Q

When fossil fuels burn the products can cause

A

global warming and acid rain

41
Q

Carbon monoxide is produced when

A

there is a lack of oxygen

42
Q

The name given to making carbon monoxide is

A

incomplete combustion

43
Q

the problem with carbon monoxide is that it is

A

toxic

44
Q

sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause

A

acid rain

45
Q

acid rain affects

A

rivers/lakes, buildings and plants/trees.

46
Q

Harmful gases can be converted into less harmful gases using

A

a catalytic converter

47
Q

the equation to show photosynthesis is

A

carbon dioxide+ water–>glucose+oxygen

48
Q

carbohydrates are important in our diet because

A

they provide energy

49
Q

when carbohydrates burn they produce

A

CO2 + H20 [+ energy]

50
Q

carbohydrates contain the elements

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

51
Q

Alcohol is made from

A

sugar

52
Q

Yeast is used because it contains

A

an enzyme which speeds up the reaction

53
Q

fermentation can be shown using the equation

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

54
Q

distillation is used in the drinks industry to

A

increase the alcohol concentration

55
Q

I can list at least 6 pieces of common lab apparatus and draw them using line drawings

A

test tube, beaker, conical flask, measuring cylinder, Bunsen, tripod, pipette, evaporating basin, funnel

56
Q

I can identify metals using two methods which are

A

flame tests
adding sodium hydroxide

57
Q

I can identify chlorine gas using

A

blue litmus paper which turns white

58
Q

I can identify carbonates using

A

an acid and then testing for the presence of carbon dioxide

59
Q

I can identify sulfates using

A

barium chloride before checking the colour of the precipitate made

60
Q

I can identify halides using

A

silver nitrate and then identifying the halide from the colour produced

61
Q

I know that chromatography

A

separates mixtures and allows us to identify what it is made from

S2 END OF YEAR EXAM (1 decks)

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