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Anatomy 6512 UNIT 1 > (E) Nervous System Development > Flashcards

(E) Nervous System Development Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons in the ___ layer differentiate into 4 plates that run the length of the column

A

Mantle

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2
Q

The 2 alar plates are associated with the ____ horn

Receive synapses from ___ fibers

A

associated with dorsal horn

receive synapse from afferent/sensory fibers for DRG

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3
Q

The 2 basal plates are associated with the ____ horn

Receive synapses from ____ fibers

A

associated with ventral horn

receive synapse from efferent motor fibers

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4
Q

Intermediate horn is present at which levels?

A

12 thoracic, L1-2, S2-4

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5
Q

Intermediate horn is indicated by the ____ cell column

A

intermediolateral

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6
Q

The thoracic and lumbar cell columns in the intermediate horn contain visceral motor nuerons for ______ division

A

sympathetic (thoracolumbar)

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7
Q

The sacral region cell columns in the intermediate horn contain visceral motor neurons for ____ division

A

parasympathetic (craniosacral)

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8
Q

In the neural tube, what is rostral and what is caudal?

A

rostral is anterior

caudal is posterior

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9
Q

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles?

A

prosencephalon (forebrain)

mesencephalon (midbrain)

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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10
Q

Prosencephalon develops into what secondary brain vesicles?

A

prosencephalon (forebrain)

develops into telencephalon and diencephalon

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11
Q

Mesencephalon develops into what secondary brain vesicle?

A

mesencephalon (midbrain)

develops into mesencephalon (lol)

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12
Q

Rhombencephalon develops into what secondary brain vesicle?

A

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

develops into metencephalon and myelencephalon

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13
Q

Telencephalon

  • Comes from what primary brain vesicle?
  • Develops into what adult structures?
A

comes from prosencephalon

develops into cerebrum and lateral ventricles

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14
Q

Diencephalon

  • Comes from what primary brain vesicle?
  • Develops into what adult structures?
A

comes from prosencephalon

develops into diencephalon and 3rd ventricle

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15
Q

Mesencephalon

  • Comes from what primary brain vesicle?
  • Develops into what adult structures?
A

Comes from mesencephalon

develops into midbrain and cerebral aqueduct

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16
Q

Metencephalon

  • Comes from what primary brain vesicle?
  • Develops into what adult structures?
A

comes from rhombencephalon

develops into pons, cerebellum and 4th ventricle

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17
Q

Myelencephalon

  • Comes from what primary brain vesicle?
  • Develops into what adult structures?f
A

comes from rhombencephalon

develops into medulla and 4th ventricle

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18
Q

What happens to the basal and alar plates in the higher centers (cerebrum and cerebellum)?

A

Accentuation of alar plates (sensory)

Regression of basal plates (motor)

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19
Q

What are the 3 main basal plate columns?

A
  1. Somatic efferent
  2. Special visceral efferent
  3. general visceral efferent
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20
Q

What does somatic efferent basal column do?

A

innervates extrinsic occular mm and mm of tongue

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21
Q

What does special visceral efferent basal column do?

A

innervates striated mm derived from pharyngeal arches

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22
Q

What does general visceral efferent basal column do?

A

serve parasympathetic pathways

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23
Q

What are the 3 main alar plate columns?

A
  1. general visceral afferent
  2. special visceral afferent
  3. somatic afferent
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24
Q

What do general visceral afferent alar column do?

A

receive impulses from sensory receptors in walls of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera

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25
Q

What do special visceral afferent alar columns do?

A

special sensation (taste, smell, vision, etc)

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26
Q

What do somatic afferent alar columns do?

A

general sensation of head/neck, oral/nasal/pharynx mucosa

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27
Q

What part of the developing brainstem is the transition zone between brain and spinal cord?

A

medulla (myelencephalon)

28
Q

Which part of the developing brainstem has posterior walls flipped out laterally, juxtaposing basal and alar plates, creating a roof palte?

A

medulla (myelencephalon)

29
Q

What is the roof plate formed by?

A

ependymal cells and pia mater

30
Q

What is formed along the roof plate of developing myelencephalon and produces CSF?

A

choroid plexus is formed and attaches to roof plate

it produces CSF

formed within the 4th ventricle here

31
Q

Which basal and alar plate columns are present in the myelencephalon?

What order are they in lateral to medial?

A 
alar lateral to medial:
1. somatic afferent
2. special visceral afferent
3. general visceral afferent
basal lateral to medial:
4. general visceral efferent
5. special visceral efferent
6. somatic efferent

(same as the metencephalon)

32
Q

The myelencephalon has a fourth structure from the alar plate. What is it? What does it do?

A

olivary nucleus

- allows for cerebellar input

33
Q

Olivary nucleus:

  • which plate does it develop from?
  • function?
  • which developing brainstem section is it found in?
A

developed from alar plate

allows for cerebellar input

found in myelencephalon

34
Q

Which basal and alar plate columns are present in the metencephalon?

What order are they in lateral to medial?

A 
alar lateral to medial:
1. somatic afferent
2. special visceral afferent
3. general visceral afferent
basal lateral to medial:
4. general visceral efferent
5. special visceral efferent
6. somatic efferent

(same as the myelencephalon)

35
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

pathway for nerve fibers between spinal cord, cerebral cortices and cerebellar cortises

36
Q

Which part of the brainstem is the pathway for nerve fibers between spinal cord, cerebral cortices and cerebellar cortises?

A

the pons

37
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

coordination center for posture and movement

38
Q

Which part of the brain is the coordinator center for posture and movement?

A

cerebellum

39
Q

Which part of the developing brainstem contains the rhombic lips?

A

metencephalon

40
Q

Rhombic lips

  • What are these/how do they develop?
  • Where are they found?
  • What do they develop into?
A

dorsal, lateral parts of alar plates grow out and encompass the fourth ventricle

they merge together to form the CEREBELLAR PLATE to form the CEREBELLUM

rhombic lips develop in the metencephalon

41
Q

What are the cerebellar plates? How/where do they develop and into what?

A

Cerebellar plates are formed once the rhombic lips of the metencephalon (pons) merge together encompassing the fourth ventricle

cerebellar plates form the cerebellum

42
Q

Pontine nuclei

  • where is it found?
  • what does it do?
A

pontine nuclei found in developing metencephalon

involved in transmitting info between cerebral cortex and cerebellum

43
Q

Cerebellum is derived form ___ plates and adjacent rhombic lips

A

alar plates of metencephalon

44
Q

Rudiment of cerebellum is first recognized as part of thickened ____

A

cerebellar plates

which are formed from the growing rhombic lips merging together

45
Q

During what month of development do the growing cerebellar plates meet across the midline?

A

month 2

46
Q

What happens during month 2 of the growing cerebellar plates?

A

the cerebellar plates meet across the midline

47
Q

What happens when the cerebellar plates meet at the midline?

A

this creates a primordium that covers the 4th ventricle (called the VERMIS)

this is during month 2 of development

48
Q

What is the vermis? When/how is it formed?

A

Vermis is the primordium that covers the 4th ventricle

Formed when growing cerebellar plates meet at midline month 2 development

49
Q

Which basal and alar plate columns are present in the mesencephalon?

What order are they in lateral to medial?

A 
alar plates lateral to medial:
1. anterior/superior colliculus
2. posterior/inferior colliculus
basal plates:
1. visceral efferent
2. somatic efferent
50
Q

In which part of the developing brainstem are the basal/alar columns different from the other parts of the brainstem?

A

mesencephalon
(no longer the same 6 columns oriented similar)

mesencephalon still retains same fundamental relationship between basal/alar plates but actual columns are different

51
Q

Alar plates of mesencephalon develop into ____.

what are they each important for?

A

anterior superior colliculus (important for visual relay)

posterior inferior colliculus (important for auditory relay)

52
Q

Basal plates of mesencephalon develop into ____ columns.

Basal plates of mesencephalon also reorganize into what other structures (not columns)?

A

visceral efferent and somatic efferent columns

also reorganize themselves into:
substantia nigra and red nucleus (nucleus ruber)

53
Q

Surrounding marginal layer of basal plates of mesencephalon form the _____.

What is it’s function?

A

crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles)

pathway between cortex, pons and spinal cord

54
Q

Diencephalon forms from the ___ portion of the prosencephalon

A

medial

55
Q

Does the diencephalon have alar plates and basal plates?

A

no. just alar plates.

adn roof plate

56
Q

Roof plate of diencephalon forms ____ in __ ventricle.

A

Forms choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

Also forms pinneal body (epiphysis) which modulates how light/dark impact endocrine system

57
Q

What forms the pinneal body?

A

the roof plate of the diencephalon

58
Q

Development of the diencephalon is characterized by the appearance of _____

A

development of the diencephalon is characterized by the appearance of 2 pairs of prominent swellings on lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle

59
Q

Hypothalamic sulcus: where is it and what does it divide?

A

found in diencephalon in alar plate

divides diencephalon into paired swellings: hypothalamus and thalamus

60
Q

The telencephalon first appears as a ____

A

bubble like outgrowth

61
Q

What does the telencephalon look like at week 16?

A

hemispheres are oval and expand back to cover diencephalon

62
Q

Describe the roof and lateral walls of the telencephalon. What will this develop into?

A

THIN roof and lateral walls

develops into cerebral cortex

63
Q

Describe the floor of the telencephalon. What will this develop into?

A

THICK

contains neuronal aggregations (ganglionic eminences) which give rise to basal ganglia

64
Q

As growing telencephalon hemispheres press against walls of diencephalon, what happens to the neural tissue of the thalamus?

A

neural tissue of thalamus becomes continuous with floor of cerebral hemisphere

65
Q

The former border between the telencephalon and diencephalon is eventually crossed by massive axon bundle called _____

A

internal capsule

66
Q

When do gyri/sulci begin to develop?

A

month 6

Anatomy 6512 UNIT 1 (6 decks)

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