E-learning Flashcards
What are MHC proteins?
aka HLA proteins in humans
They’re proteins on the cell surface that present foreign antigens and self-antigens to the immune system
What do MHC1 do?
Present self-markers on all nucleated cells
Also present endogenous antigens of intracellular pathogens e.g. Viruses
What do MHC2 do?
Present exogenous antigens of extracellular pathogens e.g. bacteria on all professional APCs (e.g. Dendritic, macrophage & B lymphocytes)
What immune cells recognise MHC1?
CD8 Tc Cells
Nk Cells
What immune cells recognise MHC2?
CD4+ Th cells
Where do central and peripheral tolerance occur?
Central in bone marrow and thymus
Peripheral in blood (by Treg cells)
What are the main 8 physical barriers of the immune system?
- Lysozymes in tears, saliva & sweat
- Mucocillary escalator
- Intact skin
- Intact mucosal membranes
- Acidic pH of stomach
- Alkaline pH of small bowel and rapid change in duodenum
- Normal bowel, vaginal and skin flora
- Urinary Tract Flushing
What cells phagocytose?
Macrophages
Basophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
What cells dealt with parasites and other organisms too big for phagocytosis?
Mast Cells
Basophils
Eosinophils
Which is the first cell to the site of infection?
Neutrophil
where are mast cells found?
In connective tissue
which cytokines do dendritic cells release?
TNF-alpha
IL-12
IL-23
Which cytokines do macrophages release?
TNF-alpha
IL-2
IL-6
which cells are anucleated?
- RBCs
- platelets
which cells have a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
monocytes
