E-learning Flashcards

1
Q

What are MHC proteins?

A

aka HLA proteins in humans

They’re proteins on the cell surface that present foreign antigens and self-antigens to the immune system

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2
Q

What do MHC1 do?

A

Present self-markers on all nucleated cells

Also present endogenous antigens of intracellular pathogens e.g. Viruses

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3
Q

What do MHC2 do?

A

Present exogenous antigens of extracellular pathogens e.g. bacteria on all professional APCs (e.g. Dendritic, macrophage & B lymphocytes)

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4
Q

What immune cells recognise MHC1?

A

CD8 Tc Cells

Nk Cells

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5
Q

What immune cells recognise MHC2?

A

CD4+ Th cells

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6
Q

Where do central and peripheral tolerance occur?

A

Central in bone marrow and thymus

Peripheral in blood (by Treg cells)

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7
Q

What are the main 8 physical barriers of the immune system?

A
  • Lysozymes in tears, saliva & sweat
  • Mucocillary escalator
  • Intact skin
  • Intact mucosal membranes
  • Acidic pH of stomach
  • Alkaline pH of small bowel and rapid change in duodenum
  • Normal bowel, vaginal and skin flora
  • Urinary Tract Flushing
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8
Q

What cells phagocytose?

A

Macrophages
Basophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes

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9
Q

What cells dealt with parasites and other organisms too big for phagocytosis?

A

Mast Cells
Basophils
Eosinophils

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10
Q

Which is the first cell to the site of infection?

A

Neutrophil

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11
Q

where are mast cells found?

A

In connective tissue

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12
Q

which cytokines do dendritic cells release?

A

TNF-alpha
IL-12
IL-23

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13
Q

Which cytokines do macrophages release?

A

TNF-alpha
IL-2
IL-6

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14
Q

which cells are anucleated?

A
  • RBCs

- platelets

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15
Q

which cells have a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

A

monocytes

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16
Q

what is the FAB on an antibody

A

Fragment antibody binding: binding site

17
Q

What is FC in antibodies?

A

Fragment crystalline: reacts with receptors on macrophages.