E. Africa Flashcards
Where was Mackinnon active in?
Uganda and Zanzibar
What happened in 1886 E Africa?
Zanzibar was split between Sultan of Zanzibar, the Germans and the British
How did Mackinnon enhance British presence?
- In 1887, Mackninnon persuaded Sultan to lease 150-miles of northern part of coastline to him and signed treaties with inland African rulers
- Has plans to use East Africa Association to expand British rule to the Great Lakes (but royal charter is denied as Br don’t want to annoy Germany)
- 1888: Salisbury convinced the Germans would take Uganda in the Lakes region (Karl Peters threatening to take it- this would divert the Nile)
- Mackinnon gets his charter and sends over Lugard to win Uganda, who returns with treaties in April 1892; East African Association collapses in 1895
Mackinnon as evidence of role of individuals?
He gained treaties BUT he took over no significant land without the government’s backing; the real signficance came with the granting of Royal Charter which allowed him to send Lugard to Uganda
His company collapsed in 1895, giving up its right to govern, shows how much control the state had
How does Uganda prove imperial rivalries?
Mackinnon given orders to act when Britain are worried that German (Karl Peters) will gain influence in the lakes region- expansion is fuelled by imperial competition
In 1886, the Kaiser granted Peters an incorporated German East Africa Company establishing a new German colony called Tanganyika.- spurred Br expansion
British background in Kenya?
British ‘sphere of influence’, agreed at the Berlin Conference, extended up the coast and inland cross the future Kenya (and post-1890, inc Uganda too)
Mombasa (second city of Kenya) was the adminsitrative centre for the British at the time
What happened as the East Africa Association began to fail?
- July 1st 1895, the British gov proclaim a protectorate and the administration is transferred to the Foreign Office.
- In 1902, the administration was again transferred to the Colonial Office and the Eastern Province of Uganda territory was incorporated as part of the protectorate
What else happened in 1902?
The East African Syndicate received a grant of 1.3k square km to promote white settlement in the Highlands
Who established/promoted white settlement?
In 1897, Lord Delamere arrived in the Kenyan highlands
He was impressed by the agricultural possibilities of the area
How were the natives treated in Kenya (negatives)
- Taxed heavily: annual hut tax of 3ruppee/year and poll tax of 3 ruppee/year for every adult non-house holder…these heavy taxes lead to revolt of Nandi people in Kenya in 1905 (harsh Br retaliation- 1k died)
- Blacks not allowed in same areas as white settlers
- Black labourers punished (e.g. whipping them with rhino horns)
- Railway from Uganda to Kenya, completed in 1903: 30k Indian indentured labourers worked on, 1/3 of whom died. Secured Br grip on White Nile and made 60k a year
- Adult males had to carry identity certificate (current employment, name, finger print etc.): lack of freedom of movement and independence
- Prosecution for natives who deserted their jobs (but Kenyans often ignored or carried this and got their identity certificates illegally altered)
- Meanwhile Br settlers in the highlands of c.Africa (2m acres) would live decadent disparity with no interaction with natives
British interference in Somaliland? Resistance to it?
-Sayyid Hassan built up 20k of Dervish forces, armed with weapons from Ottoman Empire
They aimed to halt British gains in Somalia, and mounted raids from 1900
Br conducted joint military action with Ethopia’s Emperor, Menelik- the Dervishes, therefore, never achieved significant victories
Who was the Br governor of Sierra Leone
Colonel Cardew
British background in Kenya?
British ‘sphere of influence’, agreed at the Berlin Conference, extended up the coast and inland cross the future Kenya (and post-1890, inc Uganda too)
Mombasa (second city of Kenya) was the adminsitrative centre for the British at the time
What happened as the East Africa Association began to fail?
- July 1st 1895, the British gov proclaim a protectorate and the administration is transferred to the Foreign Office.
- In 1902, the administration was again transferred to the Colonial Office and the Eastern Province of Uganda territory was incorporated as part of the protectorate
What else happened in 1902?
The East African Syndicate received a grant of 1.3k square km to promote white settlement in the Highlands
