dz of lambs/kids Flashcards
why should we care about lamb/kid mortality? (other than the dead babies… lmao)
- lamb mortality = 10-30% of annual lamb crop b/t pregnancy and weaning
- 70% of death is related to mgmt, not infectious dz
what are the common causes of stillbirth/abortion/weak newborns?
- toxoplasmosis
- enzootic abortion (Chlamydophila abortus)
- vibriosis (campylobacter fetus)
how do you dx the cause of stillbirth/abortion/weak newborns?
fresh placenta + fetal tissue –> send to lab
for me to figure out :))))))))
you do a necropsy on a sheep that aborted. this is the placenta. it is late winter/early spring. what is the likely diaGNOSIS?
toxoplasma
sporozoites invade gut wall and reach placenta via hematogenous route
how do you tx toxoplasma in sheep/goats?
Decoquinate (anti parasitic)
you have a sheep that has a fever and aborted 2 weeks before lambing. what is the most likely diagnosis? how do you figure out for sure?
enzootic abortion –> Chlamydophila abortus
serology
how do you tx enzootic abortion/chlamydophila abortus?
tetracycline
there is a vaccine available from US (bacterin)
you are necropsying a lamb that was aborted in the 3rd trimester. the placenta is thickened, the cotyledons are grey (see pic) and the fetal liver has many necrotic foci. what is the most likely diagnosis?
vibriosis —> Campylobacter fetus
contaminated water and feed (transmission)
how do you tx vibriosis/Campylobacter fetus?
tetracycline
vaccine (bacterin)
what is important to know about toxoplasma, chlamydophila abortus, AND campylobacter fetus?
THEY ARE ZOONOTIC!!!!!!!!
what are the 2 main problems at parturition?
dystocia (mostly malposition or multiple lambs coming at same time)
mismothering (lack of strong bonding) –> important for ewe to lick lamb, don’t interfere too much
what is the #1 cause of death in lambs and kids in the first 48 hours?
hypothermia
how do you treat hypothermia in newborns?
- warm colostrum
- external source of heat
- dextrose 20% IP/IV, 10ml/kg
- milk/replacer 50ml/kg 6-8h
- avoid drafts
what are some causes of starvation/hypoglycemia in lambs and kids?
- plugged teats in ewe
- mastitis/hard udder (OPP)
- poor bonding
- congenital defects
- large litter/poor production
how do you tx starvation/hypoglycemia in lambs and kids?
early regocnogition!!
warming
glucose/dextrose (10ml/kg 20%)
adequate transfer of passive immunity is a 2 actors event. what does this mean?
- delivery of sufficient quantity of good quality colostrum in the intestinal tract
- adequate absorption of ABs from colostrum to blood
what are the problems with adequate transfer of passive immunity in sheeps & goats?
- colostrum bad quality
- low colostrum availability
- low ingestion
- low absorption
what are the colostrum requirements for lambs/kids?
- IgG ≥ 12g/L
- 50-75 ml/kg, 3x first day (1st by 2h)
- cold temp = increase amount
how do you dx FTPI?
total protein
we want >5.5g/dL
what diseases are transmissible through colostrum?
- OPP
- CAE
- paratuberculosis (esp with cow colostrum!!))
- E. coli, salmonella
what are the signs of septicemia?
acute collapse, temperature subnormal or fever, congested mm, diarrhea, swollen joints eventually
what are the signs of omphalophlebitis?
omphalophlebitis can result in…?
fever, lethargy, anorexia
septicemia, peritonitis, UTI, arthritis
how do you tx omphalophlebitis?
how do you prevent ?
Abx, supportive
prevention: sanitation, dipping of navel, colostrum
what is spider lamb syndrome?
hereditary chondrodysplasia
deformity of legs and vertebral column by 4-6 weeks of age
affects black faced sheep a lot
mutation in the gene for fibroblast factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)
recessive
