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Reproduction #3 > Dystocia in the Bitch and Queen - Dr. Runcan > Flashcards

Dystocia in the Bitch and Queen - Dr. Runcan Flashcards

1
Q

Parturition is triggered by _______________

A

fetal stress

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2
Q

What is responsible for PGF2 alpha (a hormone released from the endometrium to lyse the CL, also helps with uterine contractions)?

A

Fetal cortisol

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3
Q

What are the hormones responsible for uterine contraction?

A
  • PGF2 alpha
  • Oxytocin
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4
Q

Predicting Parturition
How do we predict that a dog is ready to deliver her puppies?

A
  • progesterone timing
  • time of matting
  • LH surge
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5
Q

Predicting Parturition
How many weeks before will you start seeing the following:
- Small amount of clear/tan vulvar discharge
- Anorexia and panting
- +/- Mammary development
- “Nesting” behavior

A

1-2 weeks

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6
Q

Predicting Parturition
What are the most accurate ways to know?

A
  • Body temperature
  • Serum progesterone (much much more accurate)
    - < 2 ng/ml
    - decreased 12-48 hours prior to parturition
  • Radiographs
    - the last things are tail, teeth, talus and toes
  • Ultrasonographic examination
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7
Q

You are able to estimate organ development using ultrasonographic examination, fill in the following blanks:
a. GI layering – __________ days; 2-8 days before parturition
- hypoechoic lumen
- hyperechoic muscular layer
b. GI peristalsis – __________ days

A

a. 58-60
b. 62-64

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8
Q

What stage is this:
- Period of cervical dilation
– No abdominal contractions
– Restless
– Panting
– Anorexia/vomiting
– “Nesting”
– Up to 12 hours
– Primiparous – 36 hrs

A

Stage I

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9
Q

What stage is this:
– Cervix dilated
– Coordinated abdominal contractions
– Clear vulvar discharge
– Active delivery of pups
– Up to 4 hours until the first pup
– < 2 hours in between pups
– Anterior or posterior

A

Stage 2

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10
Q

What stage is this:
– Passage of placentas
– Retained placentas rare
– Bitch does not need to eat them!
* Gastroenteritis
* Obstruction
* Choke
* Diarrhea

A

Stage 3

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11
Q

What breeds are predisposed to dystocia?

A
  • Brachycephalic
  • X-Large Dogs
  • X-small dogs
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12
Q

the inability for the uterine muscle to contract

A

Uterine inertia

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13
Q

(T/F) The number one cause of dystocia, in maternal causes, is Uterine inertia

A

True

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14
Q

Uterine inertia
Is this Primary or Secondary?
- Singleton litter
- Hypocalcemia

A

Primary - Lochia without puppy

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15
Q

Uterine inertia
Is this Primary or Secondary?
- Obese animals
- Fetopelvic disproportion
- Elderly animals

A

Secondary

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16
Q

What are the Dystocia–Fetal Causes?

A
  • Fetal oversize
    – Singleton litters
    – Gestational diabetes
    – Hydrocephalus / anasarca
  • Abnormalities of presentation or posture
    – Transverse
    – Breech
    – Deviation of head/neck or limbs
17
Q

Dystocia - Workup
Abdominal ultrasound
– Fetal HR – 2-2.5x dam (typically at 220-240 bpm)
- >200
- <180
- <160
When are we cutting??

A

If it is <160

18
Q

What breeds are predisposed to singleton Litters?

A

Small and toy breeds predisposed

19
Q

info. card
- C-sections often warranted
- Close fetal monitoring essential
- Serial progesterone monitoring
– May not fall!
– Monitor fetal heart rates and maturation

A

Singleton Litters

20
Q

Dystocia – Medical Management
– 2-5 IU SQ or IM
– Redose 20-30 minutes
– Monitor the bitch
– Do not use with obstruction!
– 3 strikes and you’re out

A

Oxytocin (use tiny doses, and 3 times only)

21
Q

Dystocia – Medical Management
* Dilute 1:1 with saline – 1-5ml SQ
* 10-20 mg/kg IV or SQ
– 1 ml/10#
* Helps efficacy of oxytocin
* Uterine hypocalcemia before serum!
* Repeat in 6-8 hrs

A

10% Calcium Gluconate

22
Q

Feline Pregnancy diagnoses are:

A
  • Palpation – 21-25 days
  • Ultrasound – 10 days, > 20 days best
  • Relaxin – 30 days
23
Q

What is the average gestation in felines?

A

63 days from breeding (range 63-67 days)

24
Q

(T/F) Dystocia is uncommon in feline pregnancy

A

True

25
Q

A bitch is considered to be experiencing dystocia if a puppy is not born within how many hours of the onset of stage II labor?

A

4

26
Q

What drug should never be used for medical management of dystocia if the bitch has evidence of obstruction?

A

oxytocin

27
Q

(T/F) The bitch should be allowed to eat her placentas during whelping to ensure normal maternal behavior

A

False

28
Q

What is the FIRST diagnostic test that should be performed when a bitch presents for dystocia?

A

Digital palpation of the vagina

29
Q

What dosage of oxytocin should be used for the medical management of dystocia?

A

2-5 IU

Reproduction #3 (17 decks)

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