Dysrhythmias Flashcards
What does a visible U wave indicate
Low potassium
What does a peaked T wave indicate
High potassium
What does a flattened T wave indicate
Ischemia
What does a deep Q wave indicate
Necrosis
What does a notch in the QRS complex indicate
Bundle branch block
dysrhythmia:
sinus node creates an impulse at a < normal rate
sinus bradycardia
what are some causes of sinus bradycardia
athlete vagal stimulation ⬇️ metabolic rate ❤️ disease meds
which 3 meds are given to treat sinus bradycardia
Atropine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
dysrhythmia:
all atrial impulses are conducted through the AV node into the ventricle at a slower rate
1st degree AV block
how long is the conduction rate with 1st degree AV block
> 0.20 seconds
dysrhythmia:
all but 1 atrial impulse is conducted through the AV node
2nd degree AV block (type I)
which type of AV block is the PR interval progressively prolonged until the impulse is not conducted to ventricles
2nd degree AV block, type I
dysrhythmia:
only some atrial impulses are conducted through the AV node
2nd degree AV block, type II
which type of AV block is the PR interval constant but not all impulses are conducted
2nd degree AV block, type II
dysrhythmia:
complete block of all impulses to ventricles
3rd degree AV block
dysrhythmia:
AV node is the pacemaker instead of the SA node
junctional rhythm
what are 2 s/s that may be seen with junctional rhythm
⬇️ CO
inverted T waves
dysrhythmia:
sinus node creates an impulse at a faster than normal rate
sinus tachycardia
what are some causes of sinus tachycardia
⬆️ sympathetic tone
⬆️ metabolic demands
stimulants
stress
how is sinus tachycardia treated
treat the cause
dysrhythmia:
an electrical impulse starts in the atrium before the next normal impulse of the SA node
premature atrial complex (SVT)
dysrhythmia:
uncoordinated electrical activation that causes a rapid, disorganized twitching of atrial musculature
atrial fibrilation
what is the cause of A fib (2)
advanced age
❤️ disease
what are the 4 tx options for A Fib
cardioversion
Amiodarone
Beta blocker
Calcium channel blocker
dysrhythmia:
occurs because of a conduction defectin the atrium; causes a rapid, regular atrial rate from 250-400 x/min
atrial flutter
pt’s w/ what 2 diseases are at risk for atrial flutter
COPD
❤️
what are 2 tx options for atrial flutter
vagal manuever
Adenosine
dysrhythmia:
an impulse that starts in a ventricle and is conducted before the next normal sinus impulse
PVC
what are causes of PVC
electrolytes
hypoxia
myocardial irritation
what may occur with frequent PVCs
⬇️ CO ➡️ V tach/V fib
what is the tx for PVCs
Lidocaine
search for reversible causes
dysrhythmia:
3+ PVCs in a row w/ HR > 100 bpm
ventricular tachycardia
what are the causes of V tach
electrolytes
hypoxia
myocardial irritation
what are tx for V tach
cardioversion defibrillation Amiodarone Lidocaine Pronestyl Betapace
what is the tx for V tach if the pt has no pulse
CPR defibrillation epinephrine vasopression Amiodarone
dysrhythmia:
a rapid disorganized ventricular rhythm that causes ineffective quivering of the ventricles; no atrial activity
ventricular fibrillation
what are some causes of V fib
MI unsuccessful tx of V tach cardiomyopathy proarrhythmic meds electrolyes electrical shock
dysrhythmia:
absent QRS complexes confirmed by 2 leads
asystole
what is the tx for asystole
CPR
defibrillation
epinephrine
vasopressin
what are some causes of asystole
hypoxia acidosis electrolytes drug OD cardiac tamponade pneumothorax clots trauma hypothermia
MI - clots high in fibrin
STEMI
MI - clots high in platelets
NSTEMI
which side of the ❤️ does an anterior wall MI occur on
left
which side of the ❤️ does an inferior wall MI occur on
right
which wall of MI affects a major part of the ❤️ & lung; pt may do poorly
anterior wall
