Dyspnoea Flashcards
Becks triad
Low bp
Raised jvp
Muffled heart sound
Seen in tamponade
Causes of acute breathlessness
Pe Pneumo Chf Tamponade Anaphylaxis Fb Exacerbation
Asthma progression
Non progressive
Only on trigger
Gradually provressive
Copd
Ild
Cardiac failure
Nyha 4 grades
1- no sob on normal activities
2- sob on “”
3- sob on less than
4- on rest
Mmrc 4 grades
0- strenous 1- uphill 2- walk slow than contemporaries 3' stop for taking breath 4- undressing / dressing
Other
Sherwood jones 1- able tp do house hold work 2- able to do work around chair 3- totally confined to chair 4- moribund
Mechanism of orthopnea in copd
Hyperinflated lungs-lie down- diaphragm pushes up- compromise in lung function
Pnd time
2-3 hrs after sleep
Relieve- 30 min
Mechanism of pnd
Sleep- sympathetic activity decreases
Pao2 decreased
Redistribution of blood in pv
Platypnoea
On standing up La myxoma Pulmonary av fistula(hps) Pe Intra cardiac shunts
Trepopnea and causes
On side
Effusion/ cardiac failure
Hypopnea
Reduction on amplutude and duration of breathing
Orthodeoxia
Desat on standing up more than 3%
Hyperpnea
Increase in rate and depth of breathing
Hyper ventilation
At the level of alveoli hyperpnea
Paradoxical respiration
Inward movt of chest during inspiration
Flial chest
Receptors in breathlessness
Alveoli - j
Stretch - muscle , ribcage , pleura
Chemo- carotid body o2 and co2
Muscle receptors
Physiological causes
Exercise
Anxiety
Pregnancy
Insidious with rapid progression
Infection, effusion, malignancy
Grades
Sgrq
Emrc
Subjective- vas , borg
Relieving factors for dyspnoea
Drugs
Procedure- tap , bronchoscopy
Niv
Nocturnal dyspnoea
Lvh
Sleep disordered breathing
Copd
Ba
Dyspnoea with syncope
Pe
Phtn
Mi
Arrythmias
