Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dyspnea and lung disease > Dyspnea > Flashcards

Dyspnea Flashcards

1
Q

Define dyspnea

A

a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What tool can be used to help quantify the dyspnea felt by the patient?

A

mMRC dyspnea scale (modified Medical Research Council)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

COPD is diagnosed with spirometry. A post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than ____ confirms the diagnosis.

A

0.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prognostication in COPD has few validated scales. Once such scale that can be useful is called ____

A

BODE

Body mass index, Airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment for advanced-stage COPD is based upon what guidelines?

A

GOLD guidelines

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for diagnosing a pulmonary emoblism?

A

computer tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common EKG finding in a patient with a PE?

A

Sinus tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the standard of care for the management of venous thromboembolic disease?

A

anticoagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) is associated with less VTE recurrence in the cancer patient population?

A

Rivaroxaban

anticoagulant that inhibits factor Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major risk factors for VTE disease?

A

VIrchow’s triad: 1) stasis of blood flow, 2) endothelial damage, and 3) hypercoagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What clinical findings may you see with a large pleural effusion?

A

Decreased breath sounds
Dullness to percussion
Decreased tactile fremitus
Assymetric chest expansion (if large) as well as mediastinal shift away from the side on which the effusion is located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you diagnose a malignant pleural effusion?

A

Thoracentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Malignant pleural effusions always result in hypoxemia.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 2 cancers are most commonly associated with malignant pleural effusions?

A

1) Lung
2) Breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cancer most commonly causes superior vena cava obstruction?

A

Lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of superior vena cava obstruction?

A

non-hodgkins lypmphoma

17
Q

What clinical findings may you see in a patient with superior vena cava obstruction?

A

1) Flushing in the face & neck
2) Facial or perioorbital edema
3) Increased venous markings in the upper chest and neck
4) Elevated JVP

18
Q

List 4 treatment options for SVC syndome.

A

Radiation
Chemotherapy
Steroids
Stenting

19
Q

What is lymphangitic carcinomatosis?

A

Invasion and obstruction of the lymphatic vessels in the lung parenchyma by tumor cells.

20
Q

What cancers are most commonly associated with lymphangitic carcinomatosis?

A

Lung
GI
Gynecological

21
Q

What is the clinical presentation of lymphangitic carcinomatosis?

A

dyspnea
dry cough
hypoxaemia

22
Q

What is the treatment for lymphangitic carcinomatosis?

A

Supportive care

Very little txt available for lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Some providers will use steroids, but lacking evidence.

23
Q

If an IPF patient has acute worsening of their dyspnea, what needs to be ruled out?

A

1) PE
2) Pneumonia

24
Q

What are the major side effects of the medications used to treat IPF?

A

Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)

Medications: pirfenidone and nintedanib

25
Q

Compression of the sympathetic ganglion in a pancoast tumor leads to what syndrome?

A

Horners syndrome

-miosis
-flushing of face
-ptosis
-anhihydrosis
-enophtalmous

26
Q

Pancoast tumor is most common in what cancer?

A

NSCLC

27
Q

Pancoast tumor is most common in what cancer?

A

NSCLC

28
Q

Pancoast tumor typically presents with shoulder and back pain - as it progresses what structures may be invaded?

A

Brachiocephalic plexus (weakness)
Phrenic nerve (hoarseness)
Thoracic outlet obstruction.
Horners syndrome - sympathetic nerves

29
Q

What is Pancoast syndrome?

A

When the triad of an ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome, shoulder/arm pain and weakness of the intrinsic hand muscles occurs, the presentation is called the Pancoast syndrome

Dyspnea and lung disease (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions