Dysphagia and Ptyalism Main Points Only Flashcards
1
Q
Dfdx for Prehension and Mastication
A
- Dental disease
- Neurologic disease (CN V, VII, XII)
- Nigropalladial encephalomalacia
- Botulism
- Tetanus
- CNS disease
- Musculoskeletal disease (trauma, myopathy, or myositis)
2
Q
Salivary gland disorders
A
- Obstruction of parotid (sialoliths)
- Neoplasia (melanoma, adenocarcinoma, acinar cell tumors, benign mixed)
3
Q
Diagnosis of choke
A
- Passage of an NG tube
- Endoscopy
- Ultrasound
- Radiograph
4
Q
What to do in treatment of choke?
A
- NPO! (ALL THE FEED AND WATER AWAY FIRST)
- Hx, PE
- Sedate (Acepromazine and xylazine; can use lidocaine as a local; can use Buscopan as an anticholinergic or oxytocin too)
- Pass a stomach tube
- Lavage
- Other techniques
5
Q
What do you not want to use for lavage for choke?
A
- Mineral oil or DSS
- Cause a horrible aspiration pneumonia
6
Q
Refractory choke
A
- Cuffed tube
- Lavage more
- Endoscopy
- As a last resort surgery and esophagotomy
7
Q
Complications of choke
A
- Mucosal ulcers and necrosis
- Stricture
- Diverticula
- Perforation
- Aspiration pneumonia
8
Q
After choke resolves, what treatment would be best?
A
- Endoscopy is preferred to be able to assess the damage
- Soft mash for 1-2 weeks (and green grass)
- Antibiotics
- Anti-inflammatory medications (Flunixin meglumine)
- Watch like a hawk for aspiration pneumonia
9
Q
Prevention of choke
A
- Dental care
- Rocks or salt in grain
- Frequent feedings of small amounts
- change feed
10
Q
What is megaesophagus in Friesians often attributable to?
A
- Hypertrophy of the caudal esophagus
11
Q
True vs pseudodiverticulum
A
- True diverticulum includes the muscle
- Pseudodiverticulum does not
12
Q
Differentials for ptyalism
A
- Pain
- Foreign bodies
- Mucosal ulceration (awns, vesicular stomatitis virus)
- Slaframine
