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SPA777- Dysphagia > Dysphagia-AnatomyPhysiology > Flashcards

Dysphagia-AnatomyPhysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphagia

A

Medical term for swallowing disorders. “Any difficulty moving food from mouth to stomach” per Dr. Jerilyn Logemann

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2
Q

Deglutition

A

Medical term for swallowing

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3
Q

Penetration

A

Material that has entered the Laryngeal Vestibule, but has not spilled below the level of the true vocal folds. OR, Entrance of anything ingested by mouth, secretions (saliva, mucus) or refluxed or regurgitated stomach contents into the laryngeal vestibule (bounded superiorly by the epiglottis; laterally by the aryepiglottic folds; inferiorly by the true vocal folds)

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4
Q

Aspiration

A

passage of material below the level of the vocal folds. Materials enter the Laryngeal Vestibule AND Below the Level of the True Vocal Folds (entrance of anything ingested by mouth, secretions–saliva/ mucus, or refluxed/ regurgitated stomach contents.

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5
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing (medical term)

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6
Q

Bolus

A

Cohesive mass of food or liquid to be swallowed

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7
Q

What happens when a muscle contracts?

A

The structure at the point of INSERTION moves closer to the structure at point of ORIGIN (e.g. Cricothyroid. Point of Origin= Cricoid Cartilage. Point of Insertion= Thyroid. So, when the muscle contracts, the thyroid (insertion) moves toward the cricoid (origin)

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8
Q

Muscle ORIGIN is where the muscle is…

A

coming from

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9
Q

Muscle INSERTION is where the muscle is ….

A

inserting to

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10
Q

Lip Closure- What happens? What nerve?

A

Part of Oral Phase (#1 on Martin-Harris MBSImP); CN VII. Lips Close to Keep Food In Mouth; Orbicularis Oris & Zygomaticus seal the lips for anterior oral containment

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11
Q

Tongue Control – Bolus Hold: What happens? What Nerves?

A

Part of Oral Phase (#2 on Martin-Harris MBSImP); CNXII (intrinsic tongue muscles-long, trans,vert); CNV (tensor veli palatine–stiffins soft palate); Tip of tongue elevates to close the anterior/ front of mouth. Sides of tongue elevate to meet the molars to close the sides of the mouth; Back of tongue elevates to meet the soft palate to close the back of the mouth

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12
Q

Bolus Prep - Mastication

A

Part of Oral Phase (#3 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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13
Q

Bolus Transport – Lingual Motion

A

Part of Oral Phase (#4 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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14
Q

Oral Residue

A

Part of Oral Phase (#5 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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15
Q

Initiation of Pharyngeal Swallow

A

Part of Oral Phase (#6 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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16
Q

Soft Palate Elevation

A

Part of Oral Phase (#7 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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17
Q

Laryngeal Elevation

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#8 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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18
Q

Anterior Hyoid Excursion

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#9 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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19
Q

Epiglottic Movement

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#10 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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20
Q

Laryngeal Vestibular Closure

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#11 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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21
Q

Pharyngeal Stripping Wave

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#12 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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22
Q

Pharyngeal Contraction

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#13 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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23
Q

Pharyngoesophageal Segment Opening

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#14 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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24
Q

Tongue Base Retraction

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#15 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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25
Q

Pharyngeal Residue

A

Part of Pharyngeal Phase (#16 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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26
Q

Esophageal Clearance

A

Esophageal Phase (#17 on Martin-Harris MBSImP)

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27
Q

Main Phases of swallowing (4)

A
  1. Oral Preparatory Phase, 2. Oral Phase, 3. Pharyngeal Phase, 4. Esophageal Phase
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28
Q

Events of Swallowing–STEP (Dr. Humbert)

A 
Posterior Lingual Propulsion	
Swallow Trigger
Velar Elevation
Laryngeal Vestibule Closure
Pharyngeal Constriction & Elevation
Upper Esophageal Opening
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29
Q

______ ______ is moving the bolus in a timely way without significant residue, effort, or repeat swallows

A

Bolus Efficiency –

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30
Q

______ ______ means: preventing ingested materials from entering the larynx and/or trachea

A

Airway Protection –

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31
Q

What does FEES stand for?

A

fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing

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32
Q

What does VFSS stand for?

A

Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study

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33
Q

The ____ _____ refers to the immediate care of newborn infant at 1 minute and 5 minutes-check heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color; scale of 0-1-2 for each = max score of 10

A

Apgar Score

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34
Q

The ____ _____ is the groove in the mouth between the gums and lips where food can get stuck

A

Anterior sulci

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35
Q

A-P View (A & P stands for?)

A

Anterior-Posterior view

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36
Q

the airway closure period when there is no respiration & usually corresponds to the closure of the airway during the pharyngeal stage

A

Apneic period

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37
Q

Collapsed alveoli is known as __________

A

Atelectasis-(at-uh-LEK-tuh-sis) is a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid. Atelectasis is one of the most common breathing (respiratory) complications after surgery.

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38
Q

BSE-

A

bedside swallow evaluation

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39
Q

a material that can be added to food or liquid to assist in seeing these on X-ray

A

Barium-

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40
Q

Buccal

A

of or relating to the cheeks

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41
Q

COPD stands for what?

A

COPD-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, any chronic lung disease that results in
obstruction of the airways

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42
Q

CSE-

A

Clinical Swallow Evaluation

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43
Q

a dense type of tissue

A

Cartilage -

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44
Q

modifications or behavioral strategies designed to bypass persistent impairment

A

Compensatory strategies-

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45
Q

this muscle must relax for the UES to open during swallowing

A

Cricopharyngeus muscle-UES- (Crikey, you need to relax!)

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46
Q

the teeth that are used to cut food

A

Cuspids -

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47
Q

bolus head enters the pharynx; delayed to the valleculae; delayed to the pyriform (This is called..)

A

Delayed Initiation of Swallow

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48
Q

tongue tip down during swallow is called ______.

A

Dipper-

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49
Q

the identification and/or determination of the nature and cause of a problem is called _________.

A

Diagnosis

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50
Q

Eating Disorder is …

A

any of a range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal eating habits (e.g., anorexia nervosa)

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51
Q

_____ is the action of vomiting; caustic to aspirate

A

Emesis-

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52
Q

_____ refers to being fed through the stomach or duodenum via a tube

A

Enteral-

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53
Q

cartilage in your pharynx that is involved in the swallowing process

A

Epiglottis -

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54
Q

the natural tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus -

55
Q

of or relating to the esophagus

A

Esophageal -

56
Q

Which phase of swallowing begins when the bolus passes through the UES to the esophagus?

A

Esophageal stage/phase-begins when the bolus passes through the UES to the esophagus and ends when the bolus passes through the LES into the stomach.

57
Q

____ means having its origin some distance from the part that it moves

A

Extrinsic –

58
Q

-refusal to eat certain food groups, textures, solids or liquids for a period of at least one month, which causes an infant or child to not gain enough weight, grow naturally, develop normally.

A

Feeding Disorder

59
Q

FOIS stands for…

A

FOIS-Functional Oral Intake Scale

60
Q

GERD stands for…

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

61
Q

Having or showing abnormally high sensitivity to stimuli is ___________.

A

Hyperreactive –

62
Q

– lower threshold for sensory information

A

Hypersensitive –

63
Q

high muscle tone is called _______

A

Hypertonicity –

64
Q

_____ is also known as the laryngopharynx; the inferior, or lower, part of the pharynx behind the larynx

A

Hypopharynx –

65
Q

having or showing abnormally low sensitivity to stimuli

A

Hyporeactive –

66
Q

not processing enough sensory information

A

Hyposensitive –

67
Q

low muscle tone

A

Hypotonicity –

68
Q

U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue—anchoring structure for the tongue

A

Hyoid bone

69
Q

of or relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

A

Iatrogenic-

70
Q

relating to or denoting any disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown

A

Idiopathic-

71
Q

the teeth that are used to tear food

A

Incisors -

72
Q

– low or lower in position

A

Inferior

73
Q

in the alveoli and airways; infiltration of something

A

Infiltrates-

74
Q

contained wholly within the organ on which it acts

A

Intrinsic -

75
Q

1st initiation of the pharyngeal swallow represented by…

A

the 1st movement of the brisk superior-anterior hyoid trajectory

76
Q

Lateral Sulci

A

the grooves that you find between the gums and the cheeks

77
Q

LES—Lower esophageal sphincter –

A

LES-the muscle separating the esophagus and stomach

78
Q

Ligament –

A

tough band of connective tissues (fibrous) that connect various structures, such as bones

79
Q

LPR is

A

-laryngopharyngeal reflux

80
Q

MASA stands for:

A

MASA-Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability

81
Q

a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

A

Membrane –

82
Q

MNA

A

MNA-Mini Nutritional Assessment

83
Q

MISA-

A

McGill Ingestive Skills Assessment

84
Q

Mastication-

A

chewing-the process by which food is crushed or ground by the teeth

85
Q

MBS or MBSS

A

Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBS or MBSS

86
Q

the teeth that are used to grind food

A

Molars

87
Q

a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face;

A

Nasal Cavity – a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face; ; each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils

88
Q

the upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate

A

Nasopharynx –

89
Q

NPO-

A

nil per os-Latin for “nothing by mouth”

90
Q

process by which living organisms obtain nutrients to sustain life, growth, and development

A

Nutrition-

91
Q

painful swallowing

A

Odynophagia -

92
Q

Oral Cavity –

A

mouth or mouth cavity

93
Q

begins when food enters the mouth & ends when anterior to posterior propulsion of the bolus begins in the oral cavity

A

Oral Preparatory Phase -

94
Q

begins when the tongue tip elevates and propels the bolus back to toward the pharynx and ends when the bolus leaves the oral cavity

A

Oral Phase -

95
Q

– middle part of the pharynx behind the mouth

A

Oropharynx

96
Q

OTT –

A

Oral Transit Time – the amount of time it takes to push the bolus back in the oral cavity

97
Q

PES -

A

PES - pharyngoesophageal segment

98
Q

Pharyngeal phase - begins when

A

Pharyngeal phase - begins when bolus arrives at valleculae and ends when bolus passes through the UES/PES

99
Q

the throat

A

Pharynx -

100
Q

lung inflammation caused by a disease producing microorganism

A

Pneumonia - lung inflammation caused by a disease producing microorganism—pneumonitis + infectious process

101
Q

Lung inflammation

A

Pneumonitis -

102
Q

PO

A

PO - per os-Latin for “by mouth”

103
Q

Material entering the valleculae or pyriform sinuses before the swallow is triggered is called _______.

A

Pooling -Pooling -

104
Q

The posterior wall of the pharynx

A

Posterior Pharyngeal Wall (PPW) – the posterior wall of the pharynx – you can see the PPW when you open your mouth and look straight back

105
Q

the amount of time it takes the bolus to pass through the pharynx

A

PTT – Pharyngeal Transit Time –

106
Q

a cavity or depression in the pharynx where food or liquid may collect

A

Pyriform sinus -

107
Q

SaO2; taken on the finger; red and infrared light; want 90-100%

A

Pulse oximetry: SaO2; taken on the finger; red and infrared light; want 90-100%

108
Q

An involuntary or automatic action or response

A

Reflex - a

109
Q

Expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood.

A

Regurgitation -

110
Q

materials remaining in the valleculae or pyriform sinuses after the swallow

A

Residue -

111
Q

soften and help pass food to the stomach

A

Secretions -

112
Q

Sign-

A

Sign- something we observe; objective finding

113
Q

sEMG

A

surface electromyography

114
Q

Velum; fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth

A

Soft Palate

115
Q

Stasis

A

Stasis - residue-materials left in the pharynx following the swallow

116
Q
  • subjective indication of a disease that is perceived by the patient or caregivers
A

Symptom

117
Q

fibrous cord of connective tissue continuous with the fibers of a muscle and attaching the muscle to bone or cartilage

A

Tendon

118
Q

The natural tube that leads from the pharynx to the lungs

A

Trachea

119
Q

UES-Upper esophageal sphincter -

A

the muscle separating the pharynx and esophagus

120
Q

the small mass (or “bell”) that hangs from the rear portion of the roof of the mouth

A

Uvula

121
Q
  • a cavity or depression in the pharynx where food or liquid may collect
A

Valleculae or Vallecular sinus - a cavity or depression in the pharynx where food or liquid may collect

122
Q

Valsalva maneuver -

A

moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway

123
Q

Space between the false and true vocal folds

A

Ventricle/ventricular space – space between the false and true vocal folds

124
Q

false vocal folds

A

Ventricular folds – false vocal folds

125
Q

VFSS -

A

Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study

126
Q

the tissue covered muscles in your larynx whose vibration helps to create your voice

A

Vocal folds - the tissue covered muscles in your larynx whose vibration helps to create your voice

127
Q

Inability to process some information received through the senses

A

Sensory integration dysfunction. (may result in inability to process some information received through the senses or inability to appropriately respond to sensory stimuli, affecting actions & behavior) Implicated in some forms of dysphagia, particularly in pediatric patients.

128
Q

Neurologic process of organizing the sensory information we receive from the environment

A

Sensory Integration

129
Q

Stroke patients may exhibit tongue pumping preceding oral transport, indicating …

A

disruption of upper motor neuron (UMN) Pathways

130
Q

The tongue is a ______ ______

A

Muscular Hydrostat- deformed by intrinsic muscles oriented longitudinally & in the perpendicular plane, vertically & horizontally

131
Q

Superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, transverse &

Vertical are the _______ muscles

A

Intrinsic

132
Q

3 Types of Intrinsic Muscles & Cranial Nerve?

A

CN XII (12) Hypoglossal Nerve: Longitudinal (superior & inferior), transverse, vertical

133
Q

3 Extrinsic Muscles & CN?

A

CN XII (12) Hypoglossal. Genioglossus (moves tongue laterally), Hyoglossus (depresses tongue), Styloglossus (posterior containment)

SPA777- Dysphagia (1 decks)

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