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3rd year > Dysphagia anatomy > Flashcards

Dysphagia anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12

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2
Q

What number is the trigeminal nerve

A

5 (V)

(sensory and motor on your face)

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3
Q

What number is the facial nerve

A

7 (VII)

ear, facial expressions, neck, tongue, jaw

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4
Q

What number is the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

9 (IX)

tongue, throat sinusesW

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5
Q

What number is the vagus nerve

A

10 (X)

conveying sensation from ear canal and parts of your throat
sending sensory information from heart and intestines
motor control of throat muscles
stimulating the muscles of organs in your chest and trunk
providing a sense of taste

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6
Q

What number is the hypoglossal nerve

A

12 (XII)

responsible for most muscles in the tongue

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7
Q

Which 6 cranial nerves affect swallowing?

A

Trigeminal (cranial nerve 5)
Facial (cranial nerve 7)
Glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve 9)
Vagus (cranial nerve 10)
Accessory(11)
Hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve 12)

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8
Q

What is the pharynx and its function

A
  • Muscle lined space
  • Connects nasal and oral cavity to the oesophagus and larynx
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9
Q

What is the larynx and where is it

A
  • Voicebox
  • Located above the trachea and in front of oesophagus
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10
Q

What are the three sections of the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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11
Q

What is the epiglottis

A
  • a flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat
  • closes over trachea to prevent aspiration
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12
Q

What is the glottis

A
  • the opening between the vocal folds in the larynx

this should close when we swallow

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13
Q

What does the cranial nerve V innervate

A

(trigeminal)

The face and muscles that allow us to chew

Sensory and motor

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14
Q

How do we test cranial nerve V

A

Get patient to close eyes and copy where you have touched their face

Get them to clench their jaw and palpate for muscle strength

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15
Q

What does damage to cranial nerve V present like

A
  • no sensation in parts of the face (touch, pain, temperature)
  • sudden, intense pain on one side of the face caused by pressure on the nerve
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16
Q

What does cranial nerve VII innervate

A

(facial)

  • innervates facial movement and expression
  • also provides taste to back 2/3 of tongue
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17
Q

How could you test cranial nerve VII

A
  • get them to make exaggerated facial expressions (eyebrows up, smile wide, pucker lips, puff cheeks up)
  • how symmetrical are the facial expressions
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18
Q

What does damage to cranial nerve VII look like

A
  • drooping
  • relaxed face
  • weakness on one or both sides
  • damage can be caused by stroke, infection, brain trauma
  • unable to move face or making involuntary facial movements
19
Q

What does cranial nerve IX innervate

A

(glossopharyngeal)

  • hyolaryngeal excursion
  • innervates the oropharynx, front third of the tongue, muscles of the larynx and palate
  • communicates with vagus to aid swallowing
20
Q

How to test cranial nerve IX

A
  • look for strong cough
  • symmetry of velum elevation when saying AH!
  • appropriate volume and pitch
  • can palpate for hyolaryngeal excursion
21
Q

What are common symptoms of cranial nerve damage

A
  • Impairment in one or more of the five senses
  • Difficulty speaking
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Muscle weakness, pain and spasms
  • Loss of balance
22
Q

What does CN X innervate

A

(vagus)

  • Involuntary body functions (sneezing, coughing, vomiting, heart rate, digestion)
  • Vocal folds coming together while swallowing
  • Controls voice and resonance
23
Q

How do we test CN X

A
  • Check gag reflex
  • Test voice quality (measuring volume and pitch)
24
Q

What does damage to CN X look like

A
  • No gag reflex
  • Change/ loss of voice
  • Difficulty speaking or swallowing
25
Q

what does CV XI innervate

A
  • (accessory)
  • head, neck and shoulder movement
  • laryngeal muscle for correct movement of vocal cords
26
Q

How do we test CN XI

A
  • head turn against resistance
  • check for symmetry of shrug
27
Q

what does CN XI damage look like

A
  • sagging of the shoulders
  • weakness in head turn
  • asymmetrical shrug
28
Q

What does CN XII innervate

A
  • the muscles of the tongue

(hypoglossal)

29
Q

How to test CN XII

A
  • ask patient to move tongue (out, up, down, lick around teeth and lips)
  • push tongue against cheek and feel for strength
30
Q

What does damage to CN XII look like

A
  • tongue deviation (explain)
  • fasciculation (twitching, looks like bed of snakes)
31
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with facial weakness?

Why?

A

5

facial

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates motor and sensory neurons in the face and jaw

32
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with dysphonia (altered voice quality)?

Why?

A

10

vagus

Explanation: because the vagus innervates the larynx (and therefore voice)

33
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with tongue movement on all planes?

Why?

A

12

hypoglossal

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates almost all movement in the tongue

34
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with reduced mastication?

Why?

A

5

trigeminal

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates jaw movement and muscles involved in chewing

35
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with reduced hyolaryngeal excursion?

Why?

A

7

facial

Explanation: because the facial nerve has a branch which innervates the hyoid (as well as CN IX)

36
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with post swallow residue?

Why?

A

9

glossopharyngeal

Explanation: because we can evaluate this cranial nerve for strength of swallow and it innervates muscles of the palate

37
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with difficulty in oral containment of the bolus?

Why?

A

7

facial

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates muscles around the mouth for lip seal (eg facial expressions)

38
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with reduced bolus preparation?

Why?

A

5

trigeminal

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates muscles involved in chewing

39
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with premature spilling of the bolus?

Why?

A

12

hypoglossal

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates all the muscles of the tongue, and the tongue controls movement of the bolus

40
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with impaired supraglottic protection?

Why?

A

9

glossopharyngeal

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates the oropharynx and muscles of the larynx

supraglottic = above glottis/larynx

41
Q

Which two cranial nerves are involved with impaired taste?

Why?

A

7 and 9

facial and glossopharyngeal

Explanation: (7 = innervates taste in back 2/3 of tongue
9= innervates taste in front 1/3 of tongue)

42
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with reduced capacity of airway protection?

Why?

A

10

vagus

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates vocal folds coming together while swallowing AND coughing and gag reflex (aka airway protection)

43
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with decreased movement between base of tongue to posterior pharyngeal wall?

Why?

A

12

hypoglossal

Explanation: because this cranial nerve innervates the majority of tongue movement

44
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with impaired function of the Upper Oesophageal Sphincter (UES)?

Why?

A

10

vagus

Explanation: because the UES protects the airway from aspiration and that is one of the vagus’ main roles (protect airway by closing vocal folds, coughing, gagging)

3rd year (4 decks)

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