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Dysphagia 2 - Anatomy & Physiology > Dysphagia 2 - Swallow Anatomy & CNs > Flashcards

Dysphagia 2 - Swallow Anatomy & CNs Flashcards

1
Q

Which CNs innvervate the oral structures?

A

CN V - Jaw
CN VII - Orofacial
CV V, XII - Tongue

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2
Q

Describe typical jaw movement.

Name the four muscles of the jaw.

What is a possible sign of nerve damage in the jaw?

A

Up/down; forward/backward; side to side (i.e. rotary movement)

Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis

Weak mastication

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3
Q

Describe the primary purpose of the lips.

T/F - A smaller bolus activates greater muscle force in the lips.

T/F - Strong contraction required to pucker & purse lips

T/F - The lips are not critical in containing bolus

Name two possible signs of weak lip strength.

A

Grasp & seal

False - larger bolus

True

False

Drooling & spilling of food

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4
Q

Identify the function of each lip/facial muscle:

Obicularis

Zygomatic

Levator anguli oris/ depressor &
Levator labii superior/depressor labii inferior

Risorius

Buccinator

A

Lip closure

Lip retraction & puckering

Elevates corners of lips

Dimples

Flattens cheeks

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5
Q

Which facial CN deals w/ motor aspect?

Which facial CN deals w/ sensory aspect?

A

CN VII

CN V

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6
Q

Describe the primary purpose of the tongue.

Identify the two types of tongue muscles.

Which way do these muscles run?

Vertical muscles on the tongue are (In/Ex-trinsic).

A

Hold, manipulate & transport bolus

Intrinsic & extrinsic

Interior & exterior

Intrinsic

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7
Q

Primary sensory receptors on the dorsum of tongue responsible for what sensory perceptions?

What body secretion activates these receptors?

A

Salty, Sour, Sweet & bitter

Saliva

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8
Q

Tongue motor control is innervated by CN (?).

Tongue sensory receptors are innervated by CN (?).

A 
Motor = CN XII
Sensory = CN VII & IX
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9
Q

Identify the three types of intrinsic muscles on the tongue.

A

Longitudinal, Transverse & Vertical

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10
Q

Describe the general movement of the following muscles:

Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

A

Long - Anterior to posterior movement (tongue tip elevation, protrusion, cupping)

Transverse makes tongue pointier (i.e narrow)

Vertical contract & flatten the tongue

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11
Q

Identify the three types of extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

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12
Q

Which two extrinsic muscles retract the tongue?

A

Styloglossus

Hyoglossus

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13
Q

Although both muscles retract the tongue, describe the difference b/w the Styloglossus & Hyoglossus muscles?

A

Stylo muscles are posterior to the tongue (back & Up)

Hyo muscles are posterior to the tongue (i.e. tongue retraction / Back & down)

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14
Q

Describe the movement of the genioglossus muscle.

What feature does this muscle give the tongue?

A

Genio helps move the tongue forward.

It also helps get that tongue groove/curve

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15
Q

T/F - Tongue covered with hundreds of taste buds

T/F - Taste receptor cells in different locations respond stronger to some tastes than others

A

False - Thousands

True

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16
Q

Taste buds most sensitive to . . .
Front?
Sides?
Back?

A

Sweet & Salty on front
Sour on the sides
Bitter on the back

17
Q

Identify the three CNs during the pharyngeal stage responsible for sensory reception.

A

CN’s VII, IX, X

18
Q

Identify the three CNs during the pharyngeal stage responsible for motor control.

A

CNs IX, X, XI, XII

19
Q

Describe two signs that CN IX may be damaged.

A

Premature spillage

Difficulty triggering swallow reflex

20
Q

What event is the onset of pharyngeal stage?

A

Velopharyngeal closure

21
Q

Identify the two muscles associated w/ velopharyngeal closure?

A

Levator & Tensor Veli palatini

22
Q

Describe the actions of the LVP during velopharyngeal closure.

Which two CNs are involved in this closure?

A

Raises or elevates velum toward pharyngeal wall

CN X & XI

23
Q

Describe the actions of the TVP during velopharyngeal closure.

Which CN is involved in this closure?

A

Opens auditory tube
May tense anterior velum during elevation
Velum stretches during elevation

CN V

24
Q

T/F - Palatoglossus is a tongue muscle

What does the palatoglossus underlie?

Describe the movement of the palatoglossus.

Which CN innervate it?

A

False - Not a tongue muscle

Faucial arches

Lowers velum to contact the back of oral tongue; elevates posterior tongue

CN X & XI

25
Q

Palatopharyngeus creates (?) phrayngeal wall movement.

PP constricts (?) to channel (?).

A

Lateral movement

Oropharynx / bolus

26
Q

BOT tactile/taste sensation is innervated by CN (?).

BOT motor innervation is by CN (?).

T/F - The oral and pharyngeal tongue share the same sensory innervation.

A

CN IX & CN X

CN XII

False - Innervation is different

27
Q

During hyolaryngeal elevation, which direction do the hyoid and laryngeal cartilages move?

How long are these cartilages displaced?

How long are the muscles elevated?

A

Anteriorly/Upward

1/2 sec max.

1/4 sec.

28
Q

Describe the movement of the mylohyoid muscle during hyolaryngeal elevation.

Describe the movement of the Geniohyoid muscle during hyolaryngeal elevation.

Which direction does the digastric muscle move during this elevation?

A

Mylohyoid (draw hyoid up and forward)

Geniohyoid (draws hyoid up and forward)

Digastric raises the hyoid

29
Q

Which CN innvervate . . .

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric

A

MY - CN V ; CN VII

GEN - CN V ; CN XII

DI - CN V

30
Q

Identify the two types of VF movements.

A

Adduction & Abduction

31
Q

True VF adduction is carried out by what three areas in the larynx?

All these areas are innervated by (???) of CN (?)

A

Lat. Cricoarytenoid
Interarytenoids
Vocalis (thyroarytenoid)

Recurrent laryngeal nerve of CN X

32
Q

True VF abduction is carried out by which area in the larynx?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid moves VFs apart

33
Q

Describe the relationship b/w the larynx, trachea, & nerve function.

A

The larynx (and trachea) convey information to the brain via SLN and RLN branches of the Vagus (i.e., relays info re: entry of material in airway).

34
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is responsible for (??).

A

glottic closure

35
Q

Describe the results of SLN damage.

A

Loss of SLN function results in absence of cough with secretions in trachea (i.e. silent aspiration)

36
Q

What are the three primary actions of the swallowing center?

A

Sensory feedback
Initiates/coordinates
Elicits reflex

37
Q

Identify the three areas in the brainstem w/ neurologic control of the swallow.

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius (S)
Nucleus Ambiguus (M)
Reticular formation

Dysphagia 2 - Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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