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Dysphagia > Dysphagia 2 > Flashcards

Dysphagia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Prep Stage

A

CN V, VII, X, XII

VOLUNTARY

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2
Q

Oral Stage

A

CN XII

VOLUNTARY

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3
Q

Pharyngeal Stage

A

CN IX, XI, X

VOLUNTARY & INVOLUNTARY

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4
Q

Esophageal Stage

A

CN X

INVOLUNTARY

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5
Q

Lower Brainstem Stroke

A

difficulty, delayed, or absent pharyngeal swallow, reduced laryngeal elevation, reduced UES opening, info regarding taste, cough, & gag reflex so can GROSSLY aspirate (can have absent cough reflex)

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6
Q

Upper Brainstem Stroke

A

delayed swallow, not absent

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7
Q

Total Laryngectomy

A

backflow of material into pharynx, poor pharyngeal pressure, nasal regurgitation, fistula can cause retrograde aspiration, reduced UES or PES opening, reduced pharyngeal stripping wave, complaints of food “sticking”

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8
Q

oral cancer

A

everything reduced, slowed or delayed in oral and pharyngeal stages

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9
Q

laryngeal cancer

A

reduced laryngeal elevation, glottal & laryngeal closure, UES/PES opening, & pharyngeal wall contraction

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10
Q

UES

A

upper esophageal sphincter-located at lower end of pharynx. guards entrance to esophagus. pressure driven, larynx elevates and UES opens to let bolus into esophagus. prevents reflux of esophageal contents into pharynx.

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11
Q

floor of mouth

A

elevates hyoid and larynx

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12
Q

when to introduce infant to food

A

4-6 months. based on when reflexive responses have diminished along with motor development (sitting up, holding cup, etc)

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13
Q

signs of reflux in infants

A

gagging, choking, apnea, halitosis, burping, frequent swallowing, emesis (vomiting)

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14
Q

Pierre Robin Sequence

A

u-shaped cleft, glossotopsis (tongue held back), micrognathia (small jaw), retrognathia (retraction of jaw-obstructs airway, respiratory distress with feeding because tongue constantly moving back, *grunting, coughing, sputtering,

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15
Q

eosinophilic esophagitis

A

allergic inflammation of the esophagus. causes food impaction, poor appetite, and reflux

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16
Q

factors affecting premie swallowing

A
  • posture-may be hyperextended which results in higher risk of aspiration and reflux
  • immature respiratory system
  • immature structural alignment
17
Q

SLP vs OT

A

OT-self-feeding and posturing

SLP-oral motor skills, mealtime behaviors, reaction to food types/textures

18
Q

feeding

A

often behaviorally motivated, results in aversion to or refusal of foods/liquids

19
Q

swallowing

A

reduced function of oral, pharyngeal & esophageal structures

20
Q

how to know if infant is having sensory issue

A

unable to sort solids & liquid, holds food under tongue and in cheek, nipple confusion with breast and bottle feeding

21
Q

hyporreactive

A

diminished response to taste and temp. drools and stuffs too much food because can’t get sensory info

22
Q

hyperreactive

A

excessive response to taste/temp. gag and choke. reflux, respiratory problems.

23
Q

why is posture important

A

oral/pharyngeal-tongue would be retracted, poor lip seal, and reduced lingual and higher risk for aspiration
esophageal-higher incidence of reflux because of gravity helping reflux. so if child is hyperextended you want them to be more forward

24
Q

OST

A

oral sensorimotor treatment-jaw, lips, tongue. desensitize them to different sensory components by stimulating senses (don’t give them edible things, just bite sticks, etc.)

25
Q

differences in bottles and nipples

A 
size of hole, pliability, shape.
Dr. Browns-reduces air
syringe bottles-control volume
pidgeon/chu chu-cleft palate
wide neck nipples-improve lip closure
26
Q

behavior treatment

A

least intrusive intervention. education and stress reduction. create best possible environment and provide resources.

27
Q

oral apraxia

A

happens from LH stroke. voluntary movement disorder of sequencing (inability to sequence motor movements)

28
Q

why are TBI patients difficult to treat

A

behavioral issues, impulsivity, poor awareness of deficits, attention issues

29
Q

Parkinsons clinical features

A

resting tremor (even tongue and palate), cog wheeling (muscle jerk), pill rolling, mask expression, hunched body posture, dysarthria

30
Q

Parkinsons swallowing

A

poor bolus control, random tongue movement, tongue pumping/lingual rolling, weak swallow reflex, drooling, incoordination of swallow and respiration

31
Q

anti-psych medication

A

slow down CNS to calm and over time slows down swallow. Idiopathic dysphagia

32
Q

LMN Disease

A

myasthenia gravid-fatigue towards end of meal

ALS-decrease in pressure pump system

33
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth. can’t make as much saliva so swallow difficult

34
Q

side effects of radiation

A

fibrosis, dry mouth, mucositis, painful swallowing (odynophagia), edema, dental changes, sores in mouth, decreased taste buds, fatigue

35
Q

fibrosis

A

muscles scarred and neck becomes stiff and rigid. longer they sit without swallowing, the more scarred and you can’t change fibrosis. swallowing is best swallow therapy

Dysphagia (2 decks)

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