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Pharm Chapter Exam 2 materials > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the desired range of Cholesterol?

A

150-200 mg/dL

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2
Q

What is the desired range of Triglycerides?

A

40-150 mg/dL

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3
Q

What is the desired range of LDL?

A

<100 mg/dL

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4
Q

What is the desired range of HDL?

A

> 60 mg/dL

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5
Q

What are the general characteristics of Antidyslipidemics?

A

Decrease blood lipids

Prevent/delay atherosclerotic plaque development

Promote regression of existing atherosclerotic plaque

Reduce mortality from Cardiovascular disease

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6
Q

What are the actions of Statins?

A

Inhibit cholesterol synthesis; Inhibit enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis.

Decreases LDL and slightly increases HDL

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7
Q

What could happen if a patient abruptly stops taking their Statins?

A

Threefold rebound effect that may cause death from Acute MI

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8
Q

What drug is classified as Antihyperlipidemic?

A

Rosuvastatin

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Rosuvastatin?

A

Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Decreases the concentration of cholesterol, decreases LDL and slightly increases HDL.

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10
Q

What is Rosuvastatin used for?

A

Decrease LDL levels

Hypercholesterolemia

Hyperlipoproteinemia

Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular risk reduction in diabetes mellitus

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11
Q

What ASE should a nurse be worried about with Rosuvastatin?

A

Muscle Aches (may be indicative of Rhabdomyolysis)

Elevated liver enzymes

Myopathy

Hepatotoxicity

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12
Q

What is contraindicated to Rosuvastatin?

A

Acute hepatic disease and pregnancy (category X drug. Will cause birth defects)

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13
Q

What should be taught to a patient taking Rosuvastatin?

A

May take several weeks before lipid levels decrease

Patient needs to have their liver enzymes monitored.

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14
Q

What drug is classified as a Fibrate?

A

Gemfibrozil

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Gemfibrozil?

A

Decrease hepatic production of triglycerides, VLDL< and increase HDL

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16
Q

What is Gemfibrozil used for?

A

hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Used as secondary to statins.

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17
Q

What ASEs are associated with Gemfibrozil?

A

GI discomfort, Diarrhea, gallstones.

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18
Q

What drug is classified as Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor?

A

Ezetimibe

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19
Q

What is the MOA of Ezetimibe?

A

Blocks biliary and dietary cholesterol absorption in intestine.

20
Q

What is Ezetimibe used for?

A

Hypercholesterolemia and Hyperlipoproteinemia

21
Q

How is Ezetimibe administered?

A

Take at same time each day.

22
Q

What ASEs are associated with Ezetimibe?

A

Headache, diarrhea, arthralgia, abdominal and back pain, rhabdomyolysis.

23
Q

What drug is classified as Vitamin B3?

A

Niacin.

24
Q

What is the MOA of Niacin?

A

Reduces total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglyceride levels; Increases HDL

25
Q

What is Niacin used for?

A

Most effective at increasing HDL, use with statin to lower LDL

26
Q

What ASEs are associated with Niacin?

A

Flushing, gastric irritation, pruritus( itching)

27
Q

How should Niacin be administered?

A

Give ASA 325 mg 30 minutes prior to or ibuprofen 200 mg 60 mins before giving niacin.

This is to reduce flushing.

Take with cold water.

28
Q

What should be educated to patients with Niacin?

A

OTC Niacin is called nicotinamide.

THE OTC DOES NOT HAVE LIPID-LOWERING EFFECTs

29
Q

What drug is classified as PSK9 inhibitor?

A

Alirocumab

30
Q

Indications for Alirocumab?

A

Drug resistant hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia

31
Q

What is the action of Alirocumab?

A

Reduce LDL.

Can reduce even more LDL with Statins.

32
Q

What is the MOA of Alirocumab?

A

Blocks PSK9, thus reducing plasma LDL levels.

33
Q

How do you administer Alirocumab?

A

SQ. Injection every 14 or 28 days.

34
Q

What should be monitored with Alirocumab?

A

Lipid panel. Cholesterol Levels.

35
Q

What are the side effects of Alirocumab?

A

Injection site reactions

Hypersensitivity rash

36
Q

Can a nurse give Alirocumab by itself?

A

No, it is always accompanied with other medications.

37
Q

What drug is classified as a Bile Acid Sequestrant?

A

Cholestyramine

38
Q

What is the MOA of Cholestyramine?

A

Forms a resin that limits reabsorption of bile acids in the intestines which causes bile acids to be excreted in feces.

39
Q

What is Cholestyramine used for?

A

To lower LDL, diarrhea, and itching caused by liver disease.

40
Q

What are ASEs associated with Cholestyramine?

A

GI effects such as flatulence, constipation, osteoporosis, Vitamin A,D,K deficiency.

41
Q

How is Cholestyramine administered?

A

Powder. Mix with food.

42
Q

What should the nurse be aware of with Cholestyramine?

A

Avoid taking other medications with Cholestyramine.

Wait at least 4-6 hours after administrations or before taking any other medications or take other medications 1 hour before taking Cholestyramine b/c Cholestyramine can make it harder for other medications to be absorbed.

43
Q

What Signs/Symptoms should a patient with Statins report on?

A

Unusual muscle tenderness, increasing muscle pain, numbness to extremities, or change in ADLs

44
Q

What Signs/Symptoms should a patient with Bile Acid Resins?

A

Report severe nausea, heartburn, constipation, or straining with passing stools.

45
Q

What Signs/Symptoms should a patient with Niacin?

A

Report flank, joint or stomach pain.

Report yellowing of sclera or skin

46
Q

What Signs/Symptoms should a patient with Fibric Acid Agents?

A

Report unusual bleeding, bruising, right upper quadrant pain, muscle cramping, or changes in the color of stool.

Pharm Chapter Exam 2 materials (6 decks)

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