Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacotherapy > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

0
Q

Brand Name of fluvastatin

A

Lescol®

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Brand Name of lovastatin

A

Mevacor®

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Brand Name of pravastatin

A

Pravachol®

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Brand Name of simvastatin

A

Zocor®

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Brand Name of atorvastatin

A

Lipitor®

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brand Name of rosuvastatin

A

Crestor®

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brand Name of pitavastatin

A

Livalo®

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patient Education for fluvastatin

A

Take with evening meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Patient Education for lovastatin

A

Take at bedtime. Avoid grapefruit juice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patient Education for pravastatin

A

Take at bedtime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Patient Education for simvastatin

A

Take at bedtime. Avoid grapefruit juice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Patient Education for atorvastatin

A

May be taken any time of the day. Avoid grapefruit juice?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patient Education for pitavastatin

A

May be taken any time of the day.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patient Education for rosuvastatin

A

May be taken any time of the day.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the three Bile Acid Sequestrants

A

colestipol (Colestid®)
cholestyramine (Questran®)
colesevelam (Welchol®)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

While Bile Acid Sequestrants can moderately decrease LDL levels (8-30%), and mildly increase HDL levels (3-5%), what is a major concern with this class of medication?

A

TGs can increase 12-15% with colestipol (Colestid®), and 12-25% with cholestyramine (Questran®). However, this effect is not seen with colesevelam (Welchol®).

ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATION FOR PTS WITH SEVERE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) seen with Bile Acid Sequestrants (BAS)?

A 
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Bloating
Fullness
Nausea
Flatulence
*These ADRs are less prevalent with colesevelam (Welchol®).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the usual daily dose in divided doses, the (max daily dose), and the available preparations for cholestyramine (Questran®)?

A

4-16g (24g)

Powder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the usual daily dose in divided doses, the (max daily dose), and the available preparations for colestipol (Colestid®)?

A

5-20g (30g)

Powder and tablet

19
Q

What is the usual daily dose in divided doses, the (max daily dose), and the available preparations for colesevelam (Welchol®)?

A

2.6-3.8g (4.4g)

Tablet and powder

20
Q

When counseling a patient about how to properly take a Bile Acid Sequestrant powder, how would you tell the patient to mix the powder and take the medication?

A

Tell the patient to mix powders with noncarbonated beverages such as juice, milk, or water. Be sure to ADD THE BEVERAGE TO THE POWDER, and drink immediately upon mixing. Drink the powders in divided doses twice a day before meals.

21
Q

How should a patient take a bile acid sequestrant with respect to their other medications?

A

Take BAS 4 hours before other medications. (Or one hour after other medications.)

22
Q

When taking a Bile Acid Sequestrant tablet, what should the patient always do?

A

Take the BAS tablet with a large glass of water.

23
Q

What is the only Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor? What is its brand name and usual dosing?

A

ezetimibe (Zetia®)
10 mg daily

*Also available in combination with simvastatin (Vytotin®).

24
Q

What are three drug interactions seen with ezetimibe (Zetia®)?

A

gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, cholestyramine

25
Q

What are the rare side effects that can be seen see with the generally well tolerated cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe (Zetia®)?

A

arthralgia
diarrhea
possible cholelithiasis

26
Q

What are the three formulations of Nicotinic Acid and what are their general effects on cholesterol?

A

immediate release niacin (Niacor®)
sustained release niacin (Slo-Niacin®)
extended release niacin (Niaspan®)

LDL decrease: 10-25%
HDL increase: 15-26%
TG decrease: 20-40%

27
Q

What are some of the common side effects seen with niacin therapy?

A 
FLUSHING
itching
hyperglycemia
gout
hepatotoxicicity (esp. with Niaspan®)
28
Q

What are a few key counseling points for patients taking niacin (especially with regards to flushing, food, and missed doses)?

A

Take 325 mg aspirin 30 minutes before taking niacin to minimize flushing. In order to protect the stomach, enteric coated aspirin is preferred.

Take with food.

If you miss a dose, skip it. NEVER DOUBLE UP.

29
Q

Name the two fibric acid derivatives (fibrates).

A

gemfibrozil

fenofibrate

30
Q

In general, fibrates have mixed effects on LDL, increase HDL from 10-30%, and have what effect on TGs?

A

Decrease TGs anywhere from 30-50%.

31
Q

Which fenofibrate formulations MUST be taken with food?

A

LoFibra (67, 134, 200 mg)
original Tricor (54, 160 mg)
Lipofen (50, 100, 150 mg)

32
Q

Which fenofibrates may be taken WITHOUT regard to food?

A

New Tricor (48 and 145 mg tablets)
Antara (43 and 130 mg capsules)
Triglide (50 and 160 mg tablets- no chipped or broken tablets)
Trilipix (45 and 135 mg capsules- indicated with statins)

33
Q

Name the N3 Fatty Acids (fish oil) available as Rx only.

A

Lovaza

34
Q

By what percentage can N3 Fatty Acids decrease TGs?

A

35%

35
Q

How should N3 Fatty Acids be dosed and how may a patient minimize the fishy taste?

A

Dose 2 to 4 grams of EPA+DHA daily.

Refrigerate to minimize fishy taste.

36
Q

What is the pooled cohort equation and what does it estimate?

A

It is a risk calculator developed by the NHLBI Work Group.

It estimates the 10-year hard ASCVD risk of 1st event. (Non-fatal MI, CHD death, fatal or non-fatal stroke)

37
Q

The pooled cohort equation is best used in which populations?

A

Non-Hispanic Caucasians and African Americans
Aged 40-79
Those with LDL levels 70-189 mg/dL with and without diabetes

38
Q

The pooled cohort equation tends to OVERESTIMATE risk in which races?

A

Hispanics

Asians

39
Q

The pooled cohort equation tends to UNDERESTIMATE risk in which race?

A

American Indians

40
Q

Novel risk markers would be used when therapy decisions remain uncertain after quantitative risk assessment. What are examples of novel risk markers?

A

Premature CVD in family history
hs-CRO
CAC score*
ABI

*Some evidence says that CAC score may be the most useful marker.

41
Q

Premature CVD in family history is a novel risk marker. What would be a positive risk indicator for this?

A

1st degree relative
Male < 55 yo
Female < 65 yo

42
Q

hs-CRP is a novel risk marker. What would be a positive risk indicator for this?

A

> or equal to 2 mg/L

43
Q

CAC score is a novel risk marker. What would be a positive risk indicator for this?

A

> or equal to 300 Agatston units or > or equal to 75th percentile for age, sex, ethnicity

44
Q

ABI is a novel risk marker. What would be a positive risk indicator for this?

A

< 0.9

45
Q

For the screening and management of risk for ages 40-79 without ASCVD, what

A

Complete later

Pharmacotherapy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions