Dyslipidemia Flashcards
What is dyslipidemia?
AKA = hyperlipidemia
General term for elevated concentrations of any or all of the different types of lipids and lipoproteins int he blood.
Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for… ?
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (AVCD)
What are the possible causes of dyslipidemia?
- Rare genetic disorders (e.g. familial hypercholesterolemia)
- Lifestyle factors (e.g. high fat diet, lack of physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol use disorder)
- Medical conditions (e.g. diabetes, obesity, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome)
- Medications (e.g. high dose thiazide diuretics or beta blockers, corticosteroids)
Who would be tested for a lipid or lipoprotein screening?
To assess for CVD:
- all asymptomatic people >40
- all patients (any age) with a pre-existing risk-related condition
- all patients (any age) with a known family history of premature CVD
NOTE: consider earlier for at risk ethnic groups = South Asian or Indigenous individuals
What does a full lipid profile include?
- Total cholesterol (TC)
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
- non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C = all the ‘bad’ cholesterol)
- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
- triglycerides (TG)
What are apolipoproteins and how do they function?
A protein location on the surface of each lipoprotein.
- Apolipoprotein B (apoB) = resides on VLDL, IDL, and LDL particles (1 per particle). NOTE: all apoB-bearing lipoproteins are atherogenic)
- Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) resides for the most part on the HDL particles.
Function:
1. provide structural integrity to the lipoprotein.
2. Serve as co-factors in enzymatic reations.
3. Act as ligands that bind to receptors on target cells.
Describe the make-up of dietary vs endogenous cholesterol in the body.
25% = exogenous
75% = made by body
Of the 75% - 20% is synthesized by the liver and remaining 80% by other cells.
