Dyslipidaemia

Question 1

Name the types of lipoproteins in the blood

Answer 1

HDL - transports cholesterol back to the liver for metabolism.
LDL - contain high levels of cholesterol and some TAGs to peripheral tissues for storage. LPL is present on endothelial cells and metabolises TAGs to FFA for abosorption. High LDL leads to fatty streaks.
VLDL - initial lipoprotien from the liver transporting high levels of TAG and cholesterol.
IDL - intermediate protein.
Chylomicorons - produced in enterocytes when fat is digested and enters the body. these transport TAGs and Cholesterol to the liver and peripheral tissues.

Question 2

Name drugs that affect the levels of cholesterol in the body.

Answer 2

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors - Statins.

Competitively inhibit the enzyme responsible for the RDS of cholesterol metabolism - mevalonate pathway.
leads to increased LDL-R in the liver and LDL levels are reduced. Also helps stabilise fatty plaques that are present.

Question 3

Side effects of Statins.

Answer 3

Myalgia, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis are common. GI upset and LFT derangement.

Question 4

Other drugs affecting fat metabolism?

Answer 4

Fibrates - increase lipprotein lipolysis and induces FA uptake with a reduction in TAG production. This reduces LDL in the blood and increases HDL production.

Can cause GI upset, myopathy and Nausea, they should not be used with statins.