Dysarthria

Question 1

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Answer 1

reduced stress, reduced loudness, slow speech, lack of facial expression, imprecise articulation (Parkinson’s; Alzheimers)

Question 2

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Answer 2

involuntary movement, dystonia, variable loudness, and pitch, audible respiration (huntington’s)

Question 3

Flaccid Dysarthria

Answer 3

overall weakness, hypernasality, breathy voice

Question 4

Spastic Dysarthria

Answer 4

muscles contracted too much, hyperadduction of vocal folds, monopitch, exsessive and equal stress.

Question 5

Apraxia vs. Dysarthria

Answer 5

AOS does not have any muscle weakness or spacicity. AOS has not affect of subsystems, mainly affects articualtion and prosody. Dysarthria affects several subsystems such as phonation and respiration etc. Dysarthria has consisten error patterns, while AOS has inconsistent errors.

Question 6

Apraxia definiton

Answer 6

A disorder of motor speech planning and programming. Causes an inability to plan, sequence, and coordinate oral postures for speech production. Results in articulation errors and impaired prosody.
Characteristics:
-effortful speech that varies with familiarity if words and phrases
-slow effortful speech
-higly variable and inconsisten articulation errors
-prosody errors
-trial and error, groping for placement
-automatic speech produces fewer errors
-imitation is impaired

Question 7

Dysarthria definition

Answer 7

A group of speech disorders caused by impaired control of muscles responsible for speech. May be caused by paralysis, weakness, reduced range of movement, abnormal muscle tone, or incoordination of muscles.

Question 8

Assessment of respiration & why it is important for speech

Answer 8

Respiratory support is important for speech in terms of loudness, pitch, and fluency of speech (e.g., words per breath).

Assessment

• assess breathing patterns at rest and during ongoing speech, syllbales per breath (12-20), laboreed breathing, posture, clavicular and diaphragmatic breathing patterns
• cough strength, sustained vowel prologations (8-10 seconds)