Dynamics Flashcards
It she study of the forces that cause objects and systems to move.
Dynamics
It the study of how forces affect the motion of objects.
Dynamics
• ________ is a push or pull that can be defined in terms of various standards, and it is a vector having both magnitude and direction
• ________ is a vector that adds just like other vectors
• _______ , like other vectors, are represented by arrows and can be added using the familiar ________ method or by _________ methods
Force
head-to-tail
trigonometric
__________ are forces where surfaces touches each other
Examples:
CONTACT FORCES
friction force, normal force, restoring force, and etc.
____________ are forces that are acting at a distance. Object’s surfaces don’t touches each other.
Examples:
NON-CONTACT FORCES
Gravitational force, magnetic force, electrical force
Effects of force on an object
• Force can set a stationary object im motion
• Can either stop or slow down a moving object
• Can change the direction of a moving object
• Can change the shape of an object by applying force
These laws are the foundation of dynamics
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
These laws provide an example of the breadth and simplicity of principles under which nature functions. They are also universal laws in that they apply to similar situations on Earth.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
It is the first law of motion
Law of Inertia
A body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Rather than contradicting our experience, Newton’s first law of motion states that there must be a cause (which is a ________) for there to be any change in velocity (either a change in magnitude or direction).
Net external force
The property of a body to remain at rest or to remain in motion with constant velocity is called _______.
inertia
Newton’s first law is often called the ________.
law of inertia
_______ is a measure of the amount of “stuff” (or matter) in something. The quantity or amount of matter in an object is determined by the numbers of ______ and _______ of various types it contains
MASS
atoms and molecules
• The mass of an object is the same on Earth, in orbit, or on the surface of the Moon.
• Operationally, the masses of objects are determined by comparison with the standard _______.
kilogram
________ is the measure of the force exerted on an object due to gravity, and is equal to the product of the mass and acceleration due to gravity.
WEIGHT
W = m x g; where m is the mass in ____, g is the acceleration due to gravity of a planet in _____, and W is the weight in ______
kg
m/s2
Newton or N
It mathematically states the cause and effect relationship between force and changes in motion.
Law of Acceleration
(Newton’s second law of motion)
It is more quantitative and is used extensively to calculate what happens in situations involving a force.
Law of Acceleration
(Newton’s second law of motion)
The ________ of a system is directly proportional to and in the same direction as the net external force acting on the system, and inversely proportional to its mass.
acceleration
The acceleration of a system is directly proportional to and in the same direction as the ________ acting on the system, and inversely proportional to its ______.
net external force
mass
Fnet=ma is used to define the units of force in terms of the three basic units for ____, ____, and _____.
The ______ of force is called the newton (abbreviated N) and is the force needed to accelerate a 1-kg system at the rate of 1m/s2
mass, length, and time
SI unit
1N= ?
1kg m/s²
__________ is a force perpendicular to the surfaces is contact
Normal force
The location of weight can be found in ________
Geometrical center
If the force supporting a load is perpendicular to the surface of contact between the load and its support, this force is defined to be a _______
normal force
A ________ is a force along the length of a medium, especially a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable.
tension
The word “tension” comes from a Latin word meaning “________.”
to stretch
This law represents a certain symmetry in nature: Forces always occur in pairs, and one body cannot exert a force on another without experiencing a force itself.
LAW OF INTERACTION (Newton’s Third Law of motion)
We sometimes refer to this law loosely as “action-reaction,” where the force exerted is the action and the force experienced as a consequence is the reaction.
LAW OF INTERACTION (Newton’s Third Law of motion)
